2023-2024江苏省高三上学期12月阶段考试英语试题（原卷版+ 解析版无听力音频无听力原文）

南菁高中、常州一中高三第一学期12月阶段考试(英语学科)
本试卷共四部分, 满分150分, 考试时间120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5 分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do
A. Have something to drink.
B. Choose a movie.
C. Buy some popcorn,
2. What does the woman mean
A. She wants to try the restaurant.
B. She will treat the man.
C. She likes to eat out.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. When T-shirts will arrive.
B. How the quality of T-shirts is.
C. Whether they should order more T-shirts.
4. What will the woman do today
A. Visit a lake. B. Stay at home. C. Go to Mumbai.
5 Why does the man tome to the company
A. To attend an interview.
B. To make an appointment.
C. To visit the woman.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
6. When did the man intend to arrive
A. By 7:15. B. By 7:30. C. By 8:00.
7. What is the woman worried about
A. The rush hour. B. Parking. C. Being late.
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
8. Where does the conversation most probably take place
A. At a hotel. B. At an airport. C. At a travel agency.
9. What special request does the woman make
A. She wants a cheap flight.
B. She requires a return ticket.
C. She would like a specific meal.
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
10. What are the speakers discussing
A. A lecture. B. A product. C. A university.
11. What does the woman say about Nr Cobbe
A. He founded a start-up firm.
B. He is well known for his lectures.
C. He has contributed a lot to the field of electronics.
12. What docs the man ask the woman to do
A. Contact a department of the university.
B. Conduct an interview with Mr Cobb.
C. Buy tickets for employees.
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
13. What are the speakers short of
A. Tomatoes. B. Cheese. C. Cabbages.
14. What does the man think of Bert
A. He is inexperienced.
B. He is under a lot of pressure.
C. He has a good sense of direction.
15. Who will go to the grocery store
A. Elizabeth B. Bert. C. Jordan.
16. What is Elizabeth doing now
A. Reading a menu. B. Cutting vegetables. C. Looking for Bert.
听下面一段独白, 回答小题。
17. How long did it take to get to the destination
A. One hour. B. Iwo hours. C. Three hours.
18. What did the class do in the morning
A. They admired the scenery.
B. They went horse-riding.
C. They took a class.
19. What happened to the speaker when riding his horse
A. He fell off it.
B. He lost control of it.
C. He moved slowly on it.
20. What was the speaker’s opinion on horse-riding
A. Exciting. B. Difficult. C. Terrible.
第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.
Object Placement
Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors.
All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.
Open Display
All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.
Recommendations Distance
Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm
*In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm.
Cased Objects
All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.
Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind.
Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.
1. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________.
A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection
C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors
2. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________.
A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm
C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man
3. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________.
A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm
B
Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food.
They had to assess(评估)how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods-but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
4. Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on
A. The means by which it affects mood. B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. Its impact on physical health. D. The extent to which it lifts mood.
5. How were the studies carried out
A. By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods.
B. By observing students’ different reactions to foods.
C. By collecting data about people from all walks of life
D. By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions.
6. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce a concept.
C. To make a suggestion. D. To present a fact.
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. The Science behind Comfort Food B. Comfort Food May not Work Wonders
C. Feeling Negative Try Comfort Food D. Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy
C
Life during the most connected era in human history has many positives, faraway family members are just a FaceTime session away, and the answer to nearly any question that pops into your mind is at your fingertips. But too much technology, whether it’s time spent on smartphones, social media, or in front of other digital screens, can have unintended consequences. That may signal the need for a digital detox.
That social media use can help you build and maintain connections when you’ re more actively interacting with others, but tends to have the opposite effect when people use it more passively, such as when scrolling through an Instagram or Facebook feed without interacting with the content, according to research.
You’ll know you’re overdoing it and may need a digital detox if technology interferes with your work, relationships, mental and physical health, or finances, according to Brittany Becker. Scaling back through a digital detox may have positive effects.
A study from 2021 found that students who completed a social media detox reported positive changes to their mood, sleep, and anxiety. And another study found that women who quit Instagram reported higher life satisfaction and more positive effects than women who continued using the social media app.
Pinpoint your unhealthy habits and then decide which ones you want to change. “I think it is really helpful to get a clear picture of your tech use and review the time spent on your phone,” Becker says. “How that time is divided up with different applications is a great place to start, and then you can identify which areas to begin to limit.”
Dr. George suggests cutting back on anything that makes you feel worse or stressed, or that takes away from your life rather than adding to it. And remember, what constitutes healthy technology use varies from person to person. “There’s no magic amount of screen time that is good or bad,” George says. “You have to find out what works for you and your family.”
8. What is a possible consequence of too much technology use
A. Inability to find answers to questions
B. Difficulty maintaining real-world relationships
C. Lack of access to distant family members
D. Loss of interest in phone conversations
9. What does the underlined word “detox” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Digital technology B. Interfering with work and relationships
C. Social media D. Reducing the use of digital technology
10. What is the first step in addressing unhealthy tech habits
A. Reviewing the time spent on your phone and dividing it among various applications.
B. Identifying which technologies to embrace more.
C Completely disconnecting from all digital devices.
D. Consulting with a mental health professional for guidance.
11. What is the central idea of the passage
A. The benefits of active social media interaction.
B The advantages of technology in connecting with family.
C. The negative effects of excessive technology use.
D. The importance of staying constantly connected online.
D
As Frans de Waal, a primatologist (灵长动物学家), recognizes, a better way to think about other creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems. Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor. Children and some animals are so interesting not because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even considered.
Sometimes studying children’s ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition. Children’s pretend play may help us understand our adult taste for fiction. De Waal’s research provides another interesting example. We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others—what psychologists call our “theory of mind.” In the 80s and 90s, developmental psychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apart from their own. But it was hard to show that other animals did the same. “Theory of mind” became a candidate for the special, uniquely human trick.
Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence—they are much interested in figuring out social relationships. It turns out, as de Waal describes, that chimps do infer something about what other chimps see. But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only in a competitive political context. The evolutionary anthropologist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his colleagues gave a junior chimp a choice between pieces of food that a dominant chimp had seen hidden and other pieces it had not seen hidden. The junior chimp, who watched all the hiding, stayed away from the food the dominant chimp had seen, but took the food it hadn’t seen.
Anyone who has gone to an academic conference will recognize that we may be in the same situation. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager to find out what other human beings think, but we’re just as interested in who’s on top. Many of the political judgments we make there don’t have much to do with our theory of mind. We may show our respect to a famous professor even if we have no respect for his ideas.
Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge. It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are. Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics.
12. According to the first paragraph, which of the following shows that an animal is smart
A. It can behave like a human kid.
B. It can imitate what human beings do.
C. It can find a solution to its own problem.
D. It can figure out those adaptive problems.
13. Which of the following statements best illustrates our “theory of mind”
A. We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand.
B. We make guesses at what others think while interacting with them.
C. We hide our emotions when we try establishing contact with a stranger.
D. We try to understand how kids’ pretend play affects our taste for fiction.
14. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Neither human nor animals display their preference for dominance.
B. Animals living in a competitive political context are smarter.
C. Both humans and some animals have political intelligence.
D. Humans are more interested in who’s on top than animals.
15. By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________.
A. we know little about how chimps are politically motivated
B. our political knowledge doesn’t always determine how we behave
C. our theory of mind might enable us to understand our theory of politics
D. more research should be conducted to understand animals’ social world
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
Lack of sleep can be compensated for by exercise
Staying active and fit could help to ward off some of the negative health impacts that would normally result from low-quality sleep, according to a large study of 380,055 middle-aged people involved in the UK Biobank research project.While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new, ____16____.It could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.
"We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease, stroke (中风), and cancer," says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang, from the University of Sydney in Australia. ____17____.
Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity (high, medium or low) and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 based on the amount of shut-eye they got, how late they stayed up, insomnia (失眠), snoring and daytime sleepiness.Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise. ____18____.
____19____, for example, those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active. ____20____.
A. The findings suggest a likely synergistic (相互的) effect, an interplay, between the two behaviors
B. That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines
C. Exercise can make up for the lack of sleep quality
D. It's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study
E. However, that risk just about disappeared for those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity
F. This also means that high quality sleep can slow a person's risk of illness
G. In the case of all forms of cancer
第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why some brilliant ideas get overlooked
In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference that might obscure voice transmissions. Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna (天线) and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable ____21____: some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.
Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were ____22____. Radio signals from outer space Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely ____23____ for about a decade. He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.
Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their ____24____ that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.
The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite ____25____ their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before finding wide ____26____. (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)
So what is it about an idea that delays recognition One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific ____27____. In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the ____28____ of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were radical, or confusing, or both.
It is difficult to be sure. Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such ____29____ of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980 from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then subsequently ____30____. They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases. There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.
Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who triumphs against ____31____. Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.
Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are ____32____. In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition. It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathise.
Delayed recognition is rare. Much more ____33____ is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to ____34____ as a radical young conceptual artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.
We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But it is too tempting to hope that what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if ____35____ is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.
21. A. conclusion B. device C. invention D. paper
22. A. unreliable B. uncomfortable C. unimpressed D. unsatisfactory
23. A. criticized B. kept C. ignored D. inspected
24. A. mission B. goal C. schedule D. time
25. A. caught up with B. had a good command of C. made good use of D. taken advantage of
26. A. attention B. platform C. space D. vision
27. A. data B. kingdom C. mainstream D. proof
28. A. content B. origin C. popularity D. presence
29. A. examples B. letters C. reports D. supporters
30. A. broke off B. paid off C. switched off D. took off
31. A. the authorities B. the odds C. the opposite D. the wrong
32. A. underappreciated B. underdeveloped C. underequipped D. underperformed
33. A. challenging B. common C. complicated D. difficult
34. A. break through B. get through C. make ends meet D. make sense
35. A. complaining B. socializing C. thinking D. waiting
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
语法填空
In collaboration with Kweichow Moutai, the country’s top liquor maker, domestic coffee chain Luckin Coffee _____36_____(introduce) a Moutai-flavored latte on Monday, and it quickly became a hit.
The latte, packaged with an iconic Moutai label and _____37_____(contain) less than 0.5 percent alcohol by volume of 53 degrees Moutai, soon became one of the most _____38_____(discuss) topics on Chinese social media, with many people curious about the combination of the traditional Chinese white liquor, _____39_____ baijiu, and coffee.
Before midday, some Luckin branches in Beijing quickly sold out of their Moutai-flavored latte, and many of the shops had to close their online ordering systems as orders for the drink _____40_____(rocket).
An employee surnamed Zhang, _____41_____ works at a Luckin branch near Huixingdong Bridge in Beijing, said the special latte made up most of the orders at her shop on Monday morning.
She said she had no choice but to temporarily close the branch’s online ordering system at around 1:30 pm because more than 200 orders remained _____42_____(complete), nearly all of _____43_____being the Moutai-flavored lattes.
People then started to share their reactions after trying the latte on social media. Most people agreed that the aroma of the white liquor is very strong. Meanwhile _____44_____some people said they can taste the flavor of the liquor but not the actual alcohol, others said that they clearly felt dizzy after drinking the coffee.
Meanwhile, people also raised the question about if they are allowed to drive after drinking Moutai-flavored latte. Luckin stated that underage people, pregnant women, drivers and those who are allergic_____45_____alcohol are advised not to order the drink.
第四部分 写作(共两节; 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，受邀为播客节目Learn and Record写一篇关于英语学习的文章。请你给外教Mr. Hanks写封邮件请他帮忙修改润色。
内容包括：1. 介绍稿件；2. 请求指导。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Hanks,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Cheemi was a poor orphan living in Pune. Nobody knew where she had come from. Yet everyone accepted the frail little girl and named her Cheemi — the little sparrow. She helped people by doing odd jobs for them, such as fetching vegetables from the corner shop or looking after babies when their mothers went shopping.
Everybody in the neighbourhood liked Cheemi, except Kelly. Kelly was the richest woman there. Cheemi, in her eyes, was dirty and inferior to her. Therefore, she would not allow Cheemi into her big house. The house was almost like a mansion with big wooden carved doors and huge halls. Surprisingly, the windows of the rooms decorated with beads and curtains were very small.
Kelly lived with her son, her daughter-in-law Gina and her little grandson, Carl. Carl was a great favourite with the girls. Gina was a very nice, educated lady and didn’t mind Carl being carried by others. Kelly, however, never allowed Cheemi to touch Carl. How Cheemi wished she could play with him!
That year, Panshet Dam collapsed and the waters of the Mutha river, near Pune, had entered the city. The water rose fast. There was confusion everywhere. Police vans were trying to help.
When water entered their house, Kelly and Gina were on the ground floor. Within seconds the water rose. The police persuaded Kelly and Gina to climb to the top floor. In the hurry and confusion, they forgot that Carl was sleeping on the first floor!
The staircases were flooded. It was impossible to get to the bedroom on the first floor. The door to the room was closed but not bolted(闩上). Any moment the water could rush in. The women panicked. “Carl!” they cried. “What will happen to our Carl ”
Suddenly the police discovered that one of the bedroom windows was open but it was too small for an adult to crawl in. Only a child could. But no one was willing to let their children take the risk.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Out of nowhere, Cheemi appeared.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Loud cheers greeted Cheemi a daring and selfless girl.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力1-5 CACBA 6-10 BBCCA 11-15. CABAA 16-20 BBABC南菁高中、常州一中高三第一学期12月阶段考试(英语学科)
本试卷共四部分, 满分150分, 考试时间120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5 分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do
A. Have something to drink.
B. Choose a movie.
C. Buy some popcorn,
2. What does the woman mean
A. She wants to try the restaurant.
B. She will treat the man.
C. She likes to eat out.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. When T-shirts will arrive.
B. How the quality of T-shirts is.
C. Whether they should order more T-shirts.
4. What will the woman do today
A. Visit a lake. B. Stay at home. C. Go to Mumbai.
5 Why does the man tome to the company
A. To attend an interview.
B. To make an appointment.
C. To visit the woman.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
6. When did the man intend to arrive
A. By 7:15. B. By 7:30. C. By 8:00.
7. What is the woman worried about
A. The rush hour. B. Parking. C. Being late.
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
8. Where does the conversation most probably take place
A. At a hotel. B. At an airport. C. At a travel agency.
9. What special request does the woman make
A. She wants a cheap flight.
B. She requires a return ticket.
C. She would like a specific meal.
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
10. What are the speakers discussing
A. A lecture. B. A product. C. A university.
11. What does the woman say about Nr Cobbe
A. He founded a start-up firm.
B. He is well known for his lectures.
C. He has contributed a lot to the field of electronics.
12. What docs the man ask the woman to do
A. Contact a department of the university.
B. Conduct an interview with Mr Cobb.
C. Buy tickets for employees.
听下面一段长对话, 回答小题。
13. What are the speakers short of
A. Tomatoes. B. Cheese. C. Cabbages.
14. What does the man think of Bert
A. He is inexperienced.
B. He is under a lot of pressure.
C. He has a good sense of direction.
15. Who will go to the grocery store
A. Elizabeth B. Bert. C. Jordan.
16. What is Elizabeth doing now
A. Reading a menu. B. Cutting vegetables. C. Looking for Bert.
听下面一段独白, 回答小题。
17. How long did it take to get to the destination
A. One hour. B. Iwo hours. C. Three hours.
18. What did the class do in the morning
A. They admired the scenery.
B. They went horse-riding.
C. They took a class.
19. What happened to the speaker when riding his horse
A. He fell off it.
B. He lost control of it.
C. He moved slowly on it.
20. What was the speaker’s opinion on horse-riding
A. Exciting. B. Difficult. C. Terrible.
第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.
Object Placement
Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors.
All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.
Open Display
All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.
Recommendations Distance
Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm
*In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm.
Cased Objects
All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.
Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind.
Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.
1. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________.
A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection
C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors
2. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________.
A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm
C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man
3. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________.
A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm
【答案】1 D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了格拉斯哥博物馆对参展物品所规定的展示标准和要求。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. ”（格拉斯哥博物馆的目标是通过展示尽可能多的物品，并且没有物理障碍，来改善人们对藏品的访问）可知从这段话中，我们可以了解到格拉斯哥博物馆重视游客的体验。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分“All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.”（所有被确定为可能开放展示的物品必须由博物馆的安全经理逐个查看并同意），可知根据该指南，公开展示的物品必须首先获得博物馆的批准。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一部分“All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.”（所有带外壳的显示器应在750-2000mm的一般最佳观看范围内。确保所有东西都可以从轮椅上看到。）以及“Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. ”（摆放小物件或有细节的物件，距离地面不超过1015mm）可知一位母亲和她10岁的儿子在放在950毫米高的玻璃盒子里的钻石面前都会感到很舒服。故选B项。
B
Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food.
They had to assess(评估)how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods-but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
4. Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on
A. The means by which it affects mood. B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. Its impact on physical health. D. The extent to which it lifts mood.
5. How were the studies carried out
A. By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods.
B. By observing students’ different reactions to foods.
C. By collecting data about people from all walks of life
D. By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions.
6. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce a concept.
C. To make a suggestion. D. To present a fact.
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. The Science behind Comfort Food B. Comfort Food May not Work Wonders
C. Feeling Negative Try Comfort Food D. Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖安慰食品来缓解自己的情绪。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“ There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”以及第二段中“Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood.(心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事对大学生进行了一系列研究。研究人员调查了安慰性食物多大程度上能真正改善情绪。)”可知，心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事调查了多少安慰性食物能真正改善情绪即该研究主要集中的是安慰性食物改善情绪的程度。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“They had to assess(评估)how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. (他们必须评估他们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉。)”可知，研究者评估了学生们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉即通过比较学生在不同场合的感受而开展的。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The take-home message from the studies While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.(从这些研究中得出的结论是什么？虽然安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用。当然，每个人都可以偶尔放纵一下，但总的来说，这些都是例外，而不是规则。)”可知，本段告知读者安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用，因此缓解情绪应该选择一些别的方法。故推断文章最后一段是作者想要给读者们提出建议。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”以及通读全文可知，文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖舒适食品来缓解自己的情绪。故A选项“The Science behind Comfort Food(安慰食物背后的科学)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。
C
Life during the most connected era in human history has many positives, faraway family members are just a FaceTime session away, and the answer to nearly any question that pops into your mind is at your fingertips. But too much technology, whether it’s time spent on smartphones, social media, or in front of other digital screens, can have unintended consequences. That may signal the need for a digital detox.
That social media use can help you build and maintain connections when you’ re more actively interacting with others, but tends to have the opposite effect when people use it more passively, such as when scrolling through an Instagram or Facebook feed without interacting with the content, according to research.
You’ll know you’re overdoing it and may need a digital detox if technology interferes with your work, relationships, mental and physical health, or finances, according to Brittany Becker. Scaling back through a digital detox may have positive effects.
A study from 2021 found that students who completed a social media detox reported positive changes to their mood, sleep, and anxiety. And another study found that women who quit Instagram reported higher life satisfaction and more positive effects than women who continued using the social media app.
Pinpoint your unhealthy habits and then decide which ones you want to change. “I think it is really helpful to get a clear picture of your tech use and review the time spent on your phone,” Becker says. “How that time is divided up with different applications is a great place to start, and then you can identify which areas to begin to limit.”
Dr. George suggests cutting back on anything that makes you feel worse or stressed, or that takes away from your life rather than adding to it. And remember, what constitutes healthy technology use varies from person to person. “There’s no magic amount of screen time that is good or bad,” George says. “You have to find out what works for you and your family.”
8. What is a possible consequence of too much technology use
A. Inability to find answers to questions
B. Difficulty maintaining real-world relationships
C. Lack of access to distant family members
D. Loss of interest in phone conversations
9. What does the underlined word “detox” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Digital technology B. Interfering with work and relationships
C. Social media D. Reducing the use of digital technology
10. What is the first step in addressing unhealthy tech habits
A. Reviewing the time spent on your phone and dividing it among various applications.
B. Identifying which technologies to embrace more.
C. Completely disconnecting from all digital devices.
D. Consulting with a mental health professional for guidance.
11. What is the central idea of the passage
A. The benefits of active social media interaction.
B. The advantages of technology in connecting with family.
C The negative effects of excessive technology use.
D. The importance of staying constantly connected online.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章谈论了在数字时代过度使用技术的负面影响，并介绍了数字脱瘾的好处。文章建议找出自己的不良习惯，并决定要改变哪些习惯，删减掉让你感觉更糟或增加压力的应用程序。最后指出，什么是健康的技术使用方式因人而异。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“That social media use can help you build and maintain connections when you’ re more actively interacting with others, but tends to have the opposite effect when people use it more passively, such as when scrolling through an Instagram or Facebook feed without interacting with the content, according to research.(研究表明，当你更积极地与他人互动时，社交媒体的使用可以帮助你建立和保持联系，但当人们更被动地使用它时，比如在Instagram或Facebook上滚动，而不与内容互动时，往往会产生相反的效果。)”可知，当你更积极地与他人互动时，社交媒体的使用可以帮助你建立和保持联系；但是但当人们更被动地使用它时，往往会产生相反的效果即难以维持现实世界的关系。故选B。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“reported positive changes to their mood, sleep, and anxiety(他们的情绪、睡眠和焦虑都发生了积极的变化)”以及后文“And another study found that women who quit Instagram reported higher life satisfaction and more positive effects than women who continued using the social media app.(另一项研究发现，与继续使用社交媒体应用程序的女性相比，停用Instagram的女性报告了更高的生活满意度和更多的积极影响。)”可知，此处表示停用Instagram的女性报告了更高的生活满意度和更多的积极影响，故推断减少使用数字技术能够让学生们的情绪、睡眠和焦虑都发生了积极的变化。故划线词与D选项“Reducing the use of digital technology(减少数字技术的使用)”意思相同。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ “I think it is really helpful to get a clear picture of your tech use and review the time spent on your phone,” Becker says. “How that time is divided up with different applications is a great place to start, and then you can identify which areas to begin to limit.”(贝克尔说:“我认为，清楚地了解自己使用科技产品的情况，回顾花在手机上的时间，这真的很有帮助。”“如何将时间分配给不同的应用程序是一个很好的起点，然后你可以确定哪些领域开始限制。”)”可知，解决不健康的科技习惯的第一步是回顾你花在手机上的时间，并将其分配到不同的应用程序上。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But too much technology, whether it’s time spent on smartphones, social media, or in front of other digital screens, can have unintended consequences. That may signal the need for a digital detox.(但是太多的科技，无论是花在智能手机、社交媒体还是其他数字屏幕上的时间，都会产生意想不到的后果。这可能预示着需要戒掉数字瘾。)”以及通读全文可知，这篇文章谈论了在数字时代过度使用技术的负面影响，社交媒体的使用可以建立和维护人与人之间的联系，但过度被动地使用会产生相反的效果。如果技术干扰了工作、人际关系、心理健康、身体健康或财务状况，那就需要进行数字脱瘾。C选项“The negative effects of excessive technology use.(过度使用科技的负面影响。)”概括文章的主要内容，符合题意。故选C。
D
As Frans de Waal, a primatologist (灵长动物学家), recognizes, a better way to think about other creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems. Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor. Children and some animals are so interesting not because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even considered.
Sometimes studying children’s ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition. Children’s pretend play may help us understand our adult taste for fiction. De Waal’s research provides another interesting example. We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others—what psychologists call our “theory of mind.” In the 80s and 90s, developmental psychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apart from their own. But it was hard to show that other animals did the same. “Theory of mind” became a candidate for the special, uniquely human trick.
Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence—they are much interested in figuring out social relationships. It turns out, as de Waal describes, that chimps do infer something about what other chimps see. But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only in a competitive political context. The evolutionary anthropologist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his colleagues gave a junior chimp a choice between pieces of food that a dominant chimp had seen hidden and other pieces it had not seen hidden. The junior chimp, who watched all the hiding, stayed away from the food the dominant chimp had seen, but took the food it hadn’t seen.
Anyone who has gone to an academic conference will recognize that we may be in the same situation. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager to find out what other human beings think, but we’re just as interested in who’s on top. Many of the political judgments we make there don’t have much to do with our theory of mind. We may show our respect to a famous professor even if we have no respect for his ideas.
Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge. It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are. Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics.
12. According to the first paragraph, which of the following shows that an animal is smart
A. It can behave like a human kid.
B. It can imitate what human beings do.
C. It can find a solution to its own problem.
D. It can figure out those adaptive problems.
13. Which of the following statements best illustrates our “theory of mind”
A. We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand.
B. We make guesses at what others think while interacting with them.
C. We hide our emotions when we try establishing contact with a stranger.
D. We try to understand how kids’ pretend play affects our taste for fiction.
14. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Neither human nor animals display their preference for dominance.
B. Animals living in a competitive political context are smarter.
C. Both humans and some animals have political intelligence.
D. Humans are more interested in who’s on top than animals.
15. By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________.
A. we know little about how chimps are politically motivated
B. our political knowledge doesn’t always determine how we behave
C. our theory of mind might enable us to understand our theory of politics
D. more research should be conducted to understand animals’ social world
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们人类的心智理论，同时说明了黑猩猩虽和人类一样有政治才能，但是不一样的是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的行为。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As Frans de Waal, a primatologist (灵长动物学家), recognizes, a better way to think about other creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems. Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor.( 正如灵长类动物学家弗朗斯·德·瓦尔(Frans de Waal)所认识到的，思考其他生物的一个更好的方法是问我们自己，不同物种是如何发展出不同类型的思维来解决不同的适应问题的。当然，重要的问题不是动物是否能做人类能做的事情，而是这些动物如何解决它们面临的认知问题，比如如何模仿海底)”可推知，动物也很聪明，“它能找到解决自己问题的办法”能证明这一点，故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others — what psychologists call our ‘theory of mind.’(我们人类倾向于认为，我们的社会关系植根于我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解——心理学家称之为我们的“心智理论”)”可知，“心智理论”即我们对我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解，由此推知，B选项“We make guesses at what others think while interacting with them.(我们在与他人互动的同时，猜测他人的想法)”就是“心智理论”的体现，即我们与他人互动过程中，我们要猜测他人的想法，去理解周围人类的心理状态，故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence—they are much interested in figuring out social relationships.( 然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”和最后一段中的“Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge(然而，直到最近，对于人类如何发展和运用这种政治知识，还没有太多的研究)”可推知，人类和一些动物是有政治智慧，故选C。
【15题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线句子下文“Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics.(与其问我们是否有更好的日常心智理论，不如问他们是否有更好的日常政治理论)”和第三段中的第一句话“Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence—they are much interested in figuring out social relationships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”可知，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，结合划线句子“It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are.(也许我们像黑猩猩一样，从支配地位的角度来理解社会世界，但我们通常不像它们那样有政治动机)”可知，人类不像黑猩猩一样有政治动机，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，由此可知，画线句子所表达的意思是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的表现，故选B。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
Lack of sleep can be compensated for by exercise
Staying active and fit could help to ward off some of the negative health impacts that would normally result from low-quality sleep, according to a large study of 380,055 middle-aged people involved in the UK Biobank research project.While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new, ____16____.It could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.
"We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease, stroke (中风), and cancer," says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang, from the University of Sydney in Australia. ____17____.
Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity (high, medium or low) and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 based on the amount of shut-eye they got, how late they stayed up, insomnia (失眠), snoring and daytime sleepiness.Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise. ____18____.
____19____, for example, those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active. ____20____.
A. The findings suggest a likely synergistic (相互的) effect, an interplay, between the two behaviors
B. That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines
C. Exercise can make up for the lack of sleep quality
D. It's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study
E. However, that risk just about disappeared for those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity
F. This also means that high quality sleep can slow a person's risk of illness
G. In the case of all forms of cancer
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了运动可弥补不良睡眠对身体的伤害。
【16题详解】
上文“Staying active and fit could help to ward off some of the negative health impacts that would normally result from low-quality sleep, according to a large study of 380,055 middle-aged people involved in the UK Biobank research project.(根据英国生物库研究项目的一项涵盖了380055名中年人的大型研究，保持活力和健康有助于抵御通常由低质量睡眠导致的负面影响)”说明足够的运动可以弥补不良睡眠带来的一些不健康的影响。D项中的“this particular study”与“a large study”相符，因此推断D项“在这项特别的研究中运动和健康之间的关系是有趣的”符合语境，说明虽然运动和睡眠对健康有益的观点并不新鲜，但是这项研究中，运动和健康之间的关系是有趣的，引出下文“It could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.(它甚至为医生提供了治疗患者睡眠问题的另一种方式)”。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease, stroke (中风), and cancer(我们发现那些睡眠质量最差、运动最少的人死于心脏病、中风和癌症的风险最大)”说明运动最少，睡眠最差的人得病和死亡的风险最大，可推断这两种行为之间可能存在相互作用。因此推断A项“研究结果表明，这两种行为之间可能存在协同效应，即相互作用”符合语境，“this two behaviors”指代上文提到的“sleep”和“exercise”。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise.(在研究期间，死于癌症或心脏病的风险最高的人是睡眠质量最差、不符合世界卫生组织建议的锻炼指南的人)”说明睡眠质量差，运动量不达标的人死亡风险高，B项中的“poor quality sleep”与“the worst quality sleep”呼应，“the exercise guidelines”与“guidelines for exercise”对应。因此推断B项“睡眠质量差但运动量达标的人死于癌症或心脏病的风险较低”符合语境。故选B项。
【19题详解】
下文 “for example, those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active.(例如，那些睡眠质量最差、运动量最低的人死于癌症的风险比那些睡眠质量好并坚持运动的人要高出45%)”举例说明了死于癌症的风险，G项中的“cancer”与之相符，以癌症为例说明运动最少，睡眠质量最差的人死于癌症的风险高，故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“for example, those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active.(例如，那些睡眠质量最差、运动量最低的人死于癌症的风险比那些睡眠质量好并坚持运动的人要高出45%)”对比了死于癌症的比率，E项中的“those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity”与“those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale”形成对比，说明然而，那些睡眠质量不佳但却保持高水平运动量的人这种风险几乎没有因为睡眠差而增加。上下文是转折关系。故选E项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why some brilliant ideas get overlooked
In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference that might obscure voice transmissions. Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna (天线) and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable ____21____: some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.
Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were ____22____. Radio signals from outer space Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely ____23____ for about a decade. He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.
Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their ____24____ that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.
The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite ____25____ their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before finding wide ____26____. (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)
So what is it about an idea that delays recognition One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific ____27____. In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the ____28____ of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were radical, or confusing, or both.
It is difficult to be sure. Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such ____29____ of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980 from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then subsequently ____30____. They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases. There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.
Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who triumphs against ____31____. Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.
Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are ____32____. In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition. It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathise.
Delayed recognition is rare. Much more ____33____ is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to ____34____ as a radical young conceptual artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.
We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But it is too tempting to hope that what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if ____35____ is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.
21. A. conclusion B. device C. invention D. paper
22. A. unreliable B. uncomfortable C. unimpressed D. unsatisfactory
23. A. criticized B. kept C. ignored D. inspected
24. A. mission B. goal C. schedule D. time
25. A. caught up with B. had a good command of C. made good use of D. taken advantage of
26. A. attention B. platform C. space D. vision
27. A. data B. kingdom C. mainstream D. proof
28. A. content B. origin C. popularity D. presence
29. A. examples B. letters C. reports D. supporters
30. A. broke off B. paid off C. switched off D. took off
31. A. the authorities B. the odds C. the opposite D. the wrong
32. A. underappreciated B. underdeveloped C. underequipped D. underperformed
33. A. challenging B. common C. complicated D. difficult
34. A. break through B. get through C. make ends meet D. make sense
35. A. complaining B. socializing C. thinking D. waiting
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么一些绝妙的想法被忽视，并用相关的例子进行说明。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年后，在建造了一个大型旋转天线并研究了他能想到的所有可能性之后，他发表了他的非凡结论：一些静电来自银河系。A. conclusion结论；B. device设备；C. invention发明；D. paper论文。后文“some of the static was coming from the Milky Way(一些静电来自银河系)”是他得出的结论。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Jansky的理论引人注目，足以发表在《纽约时报》上，但科学家们却不为所动。A. unreliable不可靠的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. unimpressed不感兴趣的；D. unsatisfactory不令人满意的。根据后文“Radio signals from outer space Surely they were too weak to detect.(来自外太空的无线电信号？他们肯定太弱了，无法察觉)”可知，科学家们不为所动。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了。A. criticized批评；B. kept保持；C. ignored忽视；D. inspected检查。根据后文“He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.(他在44岁时去世。谢天谢地，他活得足够长，看到他的想法在射电天文学领域开花结果)”可知，扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了，死后想法在射电天文学领域开花结果。故选C。
24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的故事引起了我们的共鸣：我们都喜欢这位研究人员的想法，他远远领先于他们的时代，以至于世界上的其他人需要几年的时间才能赶上。A. mission任务；B. goal目标；C. schedule计划表；D. time时代。根据上文“we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their”可知，为短语ahead of time表示“领先时代，提前”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：扬斯基和孟德尔的故事给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带来了一些希望。A. caught up with赶上；B. had a good command of掌握；C. made good use of充分利用；D. taken advantage of占便宜，利用。根据上文“The stories of Jansky and Mendel”可知，扬斯基和孟德尔的才华在当时被世界所忽视，所以这里指给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带来了一些希望。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱顿大学的Anthony van Raan甚至为这类案例创造了一个名字：“睡美人”。这些科学论文在得到广泛关注之前，多年来几乎没有人引用。A. attention关注；B. platform平台；C. space空间；D. vision幻想。根据后文“Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.(一些学者认为这个词是性别歧视，更喜欢“延迟识别”)”可知，这些科学论文一开始没有人得到广泛关注，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。A. data数据；B. kingdom王国；C. mainstream主流；D. proof证据。根据上文“One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers.(一种观点认为，杰出的想法被默默无闻的信使所忽视)”可知，此处指扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1970年，社会学家斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章，认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容，而不是背后科学家的声望。A. content内容；B. origin起源；C. popularity受欢迎；D. presence存在。根据后文“of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it”可知，斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章，认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容，而不是背后科学家的声望。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该领域的两位学者尤金·加菲尔德和沃尔夫冈·格兰泽尔认为，这种延迟识别的例子非常罕见，以至于很难分析。A. examples例子；B. letters信；C. reports报告；D. supporters支持者。根据后文“There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.(有很多研究的例子很少被引用；罕见的是它们后来的流行)”可知，此处指的是延迟识别的例子非常罕见，以至于很难分析。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们从2004年开始研究1980年发表的论文，寻找那些在五年内几乎没有被引用的文章，然后就中断了。A. broke off中断；B. paid off支付；C. switched off关闭；D. took off起飞。根据后文“There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.(有很多研究的例子很少被引用；罕见的是它们后来的流行)”可知，他们寻找那些在五年内几乎没有被引用的文章，然后就中断了。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有一种解释是，我们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事A. the authorities当局；B. the odds逆境；C. the opposite相反；D. the wrong错误。根据上文“Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.(即时持续的成功和即时持续的失败一样无聊)”可知，我们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。A. underappreciated不受重视；B. underdeveloped发展不完全；C. underequipped装备不足；D. underperformed表现不佳。根据后文“In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition.(在一篇关于延迟认可的文章中，加菲尔德温和地指出，科学历史学家德里克·普莱斯认为他自己的一篇论文受到了延迟认可)”可知，另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更常见的是，人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。A. challenging调整性的；B. common普通的；C. complicated复杂的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones(但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏)”可知，更常见的是，人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：盖伦森发现，作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家，虽然很有可能取得突破，但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。A. break through突破；B. get through度过；C. make ends meet收支平衡；D. make sense有意义。根据后文“as a radical young conceptual artist”以及while引导让步状语从句，可知，作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家，虽然很有可能取得突破，但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：好事不会降临那些等待的人身上，如果他们只会等待的话。A. complaining投诉；B. socializing社交；C. thinking思考；D. waiting等待。根据上文“Good things do not come to those who wait”可知，好事不会降临那些等待的人身上，如果他们只会等待的话。故选D。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
语法填空
In collaboration with Kweichow Moutai, the country’s top liquor maker, domestic coffee chain Luckin Coffee _____36_____(introduce) a Moutai-flavored latte on Monday, and it quickly became a hit.
The latte, packaged with an iconic Moutai label and _____37_____(contain) less than 0.5 percent alcohol by volume of 53 degrees Moutai, soon became one of the most _____38_____(discuss) topics on Chinese social media, with many people curious about the combination of the traditional Chinese white liquor, _____39_____ baijiu, and coffee.
Before midday, some Luckin branches in Beijing quickly sold out of their Moutai-flavored latte, and many of the shops had to close their online ordering systems as orders for the drink _____40_____(rocket).
An employee surnamed Zhang, _____41_____ works at a Luckin branch near Huixingdong Bridge in Beijing, said the special latte made up most of the orders at her shop on Monday morning.
She said she had no choice but to temporarily close the branch’s online ordering system at around 1:30 pm because more than 200 orders remained _____42_____(complete), nearly all of _____43_____being the Moutai-flavored lattes.
People then started to share their reactions after trying the latte on social media. Most people agreed that the aroma of the white liquor is very strong. Meanwhile, _____44_____some people said they can taste the flavor of the liquor but not the actual alcohol, others said that they clearly felt dizzy after drinking the coffee.
Meanwhile, people also raised the question about if they are allowed to drive after drinking Moutai-flavored latte. Luckin stated that underage people, pregnant women, drivers and those who are allergic_____45_____alcohol are advised not to order the drink.
【答案】36. introduced
37. containing
38. discussed
39. or 40. rocketed
41. who 42. to be completed##uncompleted
43. them 44. while##though##although
45. to
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国知名咖啡连锁店瑞幸咖啡和中国顶级白酒生产商贵州茅台联合推出的贵州茅台风味拿铁咖啡，该饮品引起了中国社交媒体的热议。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：本周一，国内咖啡连锁店瑞幸咖啡与国内顶级白酒制造商贵州茅台合作推出了一款茅台风味的拿铁，并迅速成为热门产品。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文的 became 以及句意可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填introduced。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这款拿铁的包装上印有标志性的茅台标签，酒精含量不到0.5%(53度茅台)，很快成为中国社交媒体上讨论最多的话题之一，许多人对这种中国传统白酒或白酒，和咖啡的结合感到好奇。分析句子，句中became为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处the latte与contain之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作定语。故填containing。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中became为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。句中discuss与topics之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语，意为“被讨论的”。故填discussed。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中使用连词连接the traditional Chinese white liquor与baijiu，二者之间选择关系，意为“或者”。故填or。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：中午之前，北京的一些瑞幸咖啡店的茅台拿铁很快就卖光了，随着茅台拿铁的订单猛增，许多店铺不得不关闭了他们的网上订购系统。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的had可知，此处as引导的状语从句表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填rocketed。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一位姓张的员工在北京惠兴东桥附近的瑞幸分店工作，她说，周一早上，她店里的大部分订单都是特制拿铁咖啡。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词An employee surnamed Zhang，为人，关系词在从句中作主语，故使用关系代词who。故填who。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词或形容词。句意：她说，她别无选择，只能在下午1:30左右暂时关闭分店的在线订购系统，因为还有200多份订单没有完成，几乎所有的都是茅台味的拿铁。分析句子，句中remain to do为固定短语，意为“尚待完成”，此处more than 200 orders与complete之间是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动结构，意为“未被完成”或者使用complete的形容词uncompleted作表语，意为“未被完成的”。故填to be completed或uncompleted。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用的代词作宾语。此处指代的是前文more than 200 orders，作介词宾语，应用them。故填them。
【44题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：与此同时，虽然有些人说他们能尝到酒的味道，但尝不出真正的酒精，但也有人说他们喝完咖啡后明显感到头晕。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”用while/though/although。故填while/though/although。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：瑞幸表示，建议未成年人、孕妇、司机和对酒精过敏的人不要点这种饮料。句中be allergic to为固定短语，意为“对……过敏”，to是介词。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节; 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，受邀为播客节目Learn and Record写一篇关于英语学习的文章。请你给外教Mr. Hanks写封邮件请他帮忙修改润色。
内容包括：1. 介绍稿件；2. 请求指导。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Hanks,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Hanks,
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to ask for your help in editing and polishing an article I have written about learning English for the podcast Learn and Record. I am a student at our school.
The article I have written is aimed at providing helpful tips and strategies for students to improve their English language learning. I have put in a lot of effort but I believe that your expertise as a native English speaker and language teacher could greatly enhance the quality of the article. I would be very grateful if you could review the article and provide any suggestions or corrections to improve its overall clarity, coherence, and accuracy. Your input would be invaluable in ensuring that the article effectively communicates its intended message to our school’s students.
If you are able to assist me, please let me know and I will send the article to you for review. Thank you in advance for your help. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你受邀为播客节目Learn and Record写一篇关于英语学习的文章。要求考生给外教Mr. Hanks写封邮件请他帮忙修改润色。
【详解】1.词汇积累
希望：hope→expect
帮助：help→ assistance
提供：provide→offer
建议：suggestion→ tip
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thank you in advance for your help
拓展句：Thank you in advance for your help, which I will appreciate forever.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 I am writing to ask for your help in editing and polishing an article I have written about learning English for the podcast Learn and Record.（运用了省略that或者which限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I have put in a lot of effort but I believe that your expertise as a native English speaker and language teacher could greatly enhance the quality of the article. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Cheemi was a poor orphan living in Pune. Nobody knew where she had come from. Yet everyone accepted the frail little girl and named her Cheemi — the little sparrow. She helped people by doing odd jobs for them, such as fetching vegetables from the corner shop or looking after babies when their mothers went shopping.
Everybody in the neighbourhood liked Cheemi, except Kelly. Kelly was the richest woman there. Cheemi, in her eyes, was dirty and inferior to her. Therefore, she would not allow Cheemi into her big house. The house was almost like a mansion with big wooden carved doors and huge halls. Surprisingly, the windows of the rooms decorated with beads and curtains were very small.
Kelly lived with her son, her daughter-in-law Gina and her little grandson, Carl. Carl was a great favourite with the girls. Gina was a very nice, educated lady and didn’t mind Carl being carried by others. Kelly, however, never allowed Cheemi to touch Carl. How Cheemi wished she could play with him!
That year, Panshet Dam collapsed and the waters of the Mutha river, near Pune, had entered the city. The water rose fast. There was confusion everywhere. Police vans were trying to help.
When water entered their house, Kelly and Gina were on the ground floor. Within seconds the water rose. The police persuaded Kelly and Gina to climb to the top floor. In the hurry and confusion, they forgot that Carl was sleeping on the first floor!
The staircases were flooded. It was impossible to get to the bedroom on the first floor. The door to the room was closed but not bolted(闩上). Any moment the water could rush in. The women panicked. “Carl!” they cried. “What will happen to our Carl ”
Suddenly the police discovered that one of the bedroom windows was open, but it was too small for an adult to crawl in. Only a child could. But no one was willing to let their children take the risk.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Out of nowhere, Cheemi appeared.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Loud cheers greeted Cheemi a daring and selfless girl.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Out of nowhere, Cheemi appeared. Let me help. “I can easily crawl in and get Carl out,” she offered without a second thought. There was no time to waste. The policemen assisted Cheemi to the window: “Jump!” they told her in a determined tone. “We will drop you a rope ladder through the window.” Without a moment’s hesitation, Cheemi jumped through the window. Carl was sleeping soundly. Picking him up, Cheemi put him on her back and tied him tightly to herself with a bed sheet. Slowly she scaled the ladder and peeped through the window. Carefully she undid the bed sheet and handed it, with the child, to a policeman. Then she exerted the last ounce of strength to crawl out of the window.
Loud cheers greeted Cheemi, a daring and selfless girl. Seeing everyone clapping for her, Cheemi was stunned to a halt and did not know what the fuss was all about. It was at this point that Kelly dragged Cheemi to her and hugged her tightly. Feeling immensely grateful to Cheemi, Kelly learned what mattered a lot was a person’s courage and humanity. Then she asked Cheemi what reward she would like to have for her bravery. To her surprise, Cheemi said in a low voice, “I want to have an opportunity to play with Carl.” Kelly told her that she could stay with her family as long as she wanted. On hearing this, Cheemi gave a jump in the air, twirling round and round. At last she had a place to stay in and play with little Carl.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个孤儿奇米帮助人们做零工为生，但是却不受凯利一家的喜欢，当洪水进入这座城市时卡尔被困在一楼，奇米冒着生命危险救出了卡尔，获得了凯利一家的感谢和接纳的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“奇米不知从哪里冒出来。”可知，第一段可描写奇米主动提出自己去救卡尔以及救援经过。
②由第二段首句内容“奇米，一个勇敢无私的女孩，受到了热烈的欢呼。”可知，第二段可描写奇米救出了卡尔被凯利一家感谢和接纳的事情。
2.续写线索：奇米主动要求救卡尔——施救过程——救出卡尔——受到感谢——被凯尔家接纳
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.救助：assist/help
②.询问：ask/enquire
③.跳：jump/leap
情绪类
①.感到惊讶的：stunned/shocked
②.感谢的：grateful/thankful
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Feeling immensely grateful to Cheemi, Kelly learned what mattered a lot was a person’s courage and humanity.（运用了省略了连接代词what引导的主语从句和that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2].Picking him up, Cheemi put him on her back and tied him tightly to herself with a bed sheet.（运用了现在分词作状语）
听力1-5 CACBA 6-10 BBCCA 11-15. CABAA 16-20 BBABC