2023-2024黑龙江省哈尔滨市高一上学期12月测试英语试卷（原卷版+ 解析版）

哈尔滨市第九中学2023—2024学年度上学期
12月学业阶段性评价考试高一英语学科考试试卷
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分共6页)
第一部分(听力测试 共两节 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
1. What does the man want to be in the future
A. A soldier. B. A lawyer. C. A teacher.
2. Where will the woman probably go first
A. The teacher’s office. B. The hospital. C. The gym.
3. How does the woman keep fit now
A. By working out at a gym. B. By playing basketball. C. By going climbing.
4. What will the woman do in the evening
A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Stay at home.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. Why the man is late. B. When the film starts. C. Who the visitor was.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6 How many bedrooms are there in the house
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
7. What will the woman help the man do
A. Take care of the documents.
B. Lead him to the bank.
C. Check on the house.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What attracted the man most in Paris
A. The Eiffel Tower. B. The Louvre Museum. C. Restaurants and clubs.
9. How did the man find his vacation
A. Boring. B. wonderful. C. Tiring.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. How teenagers keep healthy.
B. Why many teenagers get sick.
C What food teenagers should have.
11. What does the man think of an hour’s exercise for teenagers daily
A. It’s not enough. B. It’s too tiring. C. It’s necessary.
12. What does the man suggest teenagers do
A. Stop eating fast food. B. Keep their hands clean. C. Improve their schoolwork.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where does the woman work
A. In a transport business. B. In a shopping centre. C. In a hospital.
14. How will the woman go to work
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By train.
15. What is the man’s opinion on parking in Broadgreen
A. It is costly. B. It is easy. C. It is hard.
16. What is the disadvantage of Broadgreen
A. It is far from the shopping places.
B. There is a lot of noise.
C. The rents are high.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did Hemingway produce his first collection of short stories
A. In 1923. B. In 1932. C. In 1952.
18. What is Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises about
A. A group of reporters. B. Some writers and artists. C. His childhood experience.
19. What do we know about A Farewell to Arms
A. It came out in 1924.
B. It was Hemingway’s third novel.
C. It describes something related to World War I.
20. What was The Old Man and the Sea based on
A. The story of a reporter.
B. An old fisherman’s real life.
C. Hemingway’s experiences of going fishing.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Frances Stevens Reese Wooldland Trail Guide
The Woodland Trail was opened to the public on October 21, 1997. Boscobel’s Board of Directors adopted a formal decision of naming the Woodland Trail in honor of former Boscobel board member, Fances Stevens Reese (1917-2003), one year after his death.
The trail(小径) is approximately 10 miles in length, leading down to Constitution Forest. When the West Point Glass Factory was operating during the Civil War, trees for miles around were cleared to provide firewood. Walking out of the forest, you will find a large mass of native hard rock about three billion years old.
Throughout this country path, you will find picture boards identifying birds and plants local to this region. You will also find signs with historic and environmental information written by area specialists.
When you take a walk through this “undiscovered” forest land, please be a considerate guest.
Before walking the trail, please purchase a pass in the Carriage House. Plan ahead, so you will be back by closing time.
Follow the trail markers and remain on the trail. Besides protecting the fragile forest ecosystem, you will reduce the risk of poison plants and snakes.
Leave rocks, plants, animals and art works where you see them so that the person behind you can have the same experience.
Carry out whatever you carry in because there are no rubbish containers on the trail. If you happen to see a piece of litter, be a good guest and pick it up.
1. When was the trail named to honor Frances Stevens Reese
A. In 1997. B. In 1917
C. In 2003 D. In 2004
2. What can you see along the trail
A. An old battle field. B. A glass factory.
C. Information signs. D. Rock houses.
3. What should you do as a thoughtful visitor
A. Leave the wildlife undisturbed.
B. Throw the rubbish into the dustbins.
C. Make reservations in the Carriage House.
D. Protect the markers of the Woodland Trail.
B
Getting out of my car one evening in late January, I met my neighbor Theresa, who had seen me drive in. “Mrs Taylor is in the hospital again,” she said. “I thought you’d like to know.” I had last seen Mrs Taylor a day or two before Christmas when I took her a little loaf of pumpkin bread, and she came from the backroom in her wheelchair to talk with me. Mrs Taylor and I had been neighbors for 17 years. I remember the dog she and her husband used to have. They called him Beau. He greeted everyone who walked by, and Mr Taylor loved him.
Most of my conversations with Mrs Taylor had been incidental — visits by the mailbox, running into one another at the gas station where she helped me put air in my tire, quiet talks at the funeral home where we went to honor the memory of a mutual (相互的) friend.
When my husband and I moved here with our four noisy, laughing kids, it must have seemed as if the peaceful quiet of the neighborhood had been forever broken. But we showed our enthusiasm to the neighbors sincerely although we had little in common with the mostly elderly folks on our street. Over the years they helped us love our children, picking them up when a bicycle overturned and sending the kids cards for their graduation. We have enjoyed the comfort of living beside people who help us if our tree falls on the fence and feed the cat when we’re away.
Mrs Taylor did not survive her latest set-back. Once again I walked into the funeral home to say good-bye to a neighbor. I remembered the barking dog, the chats by the mailbox, the friendly wave across the fence. I remembered, and I was sad, but I had no regrets. Now there is a new family moving into the Taylor place. I see children’s toys in the yard. It’s time to take a walk.
4. What can we know according to the first paragraph
A. Mrs Taylor has a big and happy family.
B. The author likes Mrs Taylor’s dog very much.
C. The author would like to know Mrs Taylor is in the hospital.
D. Mrs Taylor had been in poor health before Theresa told the author.
5. What does the underlined word “incidental” refer to
A. Helpful. B. Unprepared. C. Unpleasant. D. Delightful.
6. How did the author solve the difference with the neighbors
A. She let her children be less noisy and naughty.
B. She tried to know more elderly folks in her street.
C. She treated everyone in the neighborhood warmly.
D. She enjoyed the comfort of living beside neighbors.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. The True Neighbor B. Gratitude to my neighbor
C. Mrs Taylor — A Respectable Woman D. Expectation for New Neighbor
C
You don’t need me to tell you how to brush your teeth. Twice a day, for two minutes. But are you heading to the bathroom after your breakfast, or before it Scheduling your morning maintenance might be more controversial (有争议的) than you thought.
“This is one of the biggest subjects for debate among our patients,” says Dr Sameer Patel, clinical director at Elleven Dental Wellness. For him the answer is simple: “brush before breakfast”. For tooth decay (腐烂) to start, he explains, three things are required: bacteria, sugar and time. “Overnight, you naturally develop plaque,” he says. “Plaque is, in essence, a sticky film of bacteria. That’s why you don’t wake up with great breath. If you don’t brush, you then introduce sugar at breakfast.” All three elements for decay are thus in place — a perfect storm inside your mouth as you munch. Brush before breakfast instead, and, “you go into eating with no bacteria, so that process of decay doesn’t start”.
“I recommend that my patients brush their teeth before having breakfast,” agrees Dr Olivia Johnson King, orthodontist at the Holland Park Dental Clinic. This, she explains, is because when we eat, the pH levels inside our mouths drops, becoming more acidic and making the outer surface of our teeth — the enamel — softer. “So if we brush directly after breakfast, in the long-term we could be weakening that outer surface and damaging our teeth,” she says.
While many dentists recommend brushing before breakfast, not everyone agrees. “There are lots of misconceptions, even among dentists, on this subject,” says Dr Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas, dentist and professor at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry. “People think brushing is all about removing food and plaque. Actually, it’s also an extremely important delivery method for fluoride (氟化物).” Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents decay. Brush before breakfast, and you will remove much of it as you eat, reducing the effectiveness of your toothpaste, he argues. Plus, he points out, people tend to eat breakfast pretty quickly, not giving the bacteria and food much time to join forces and do much damage. Brush straight after eating and, “you remove most of those carbohydrates (碳水化合物) right away, plus some of the bacteria, and you’re delivering fluoride to strengthen your teeth.”
With such strong views held by both camps, would it be best to brush both before and after breakfast
Dr Gonzalez-Cabezas laughs. “It’s hard enough to persuade people to brush twice a day—once in the morning and once before bed,” he says. “Brushing in the morning, whenever you’re able to do it, is better than skipping brushing your teeth at all.” So before breakfast or after breakfast — just don’t wait till your tooth hurts.
8. According to Dr. Patel, why should we brush before breakfast
A. We haven’t eaten for a long time. B. The pH levels inside our mouths drops.
C. We wake up with bad breath. D. The bacteria will be removed.
9. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean
A. a movie B. a thin layer C. sugar D. breakfast
10. What does Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The misconceptions on the subject
B. The reasons for brushing before breakfast
C. The opposing opinion of the former viewpoints
D. Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents decay.
11. What we can learn from the passage
A. Dr Patel and Dr King share the same reason for brushing teeth before breakfast.
B. Brushing teeth before breakfast is better than brushing after breakfast.
C. Dr. Gonzalez-Cabezas recommends people to brush both before and after breakfast.
D. It remains controversial whether it’s better to brush before breakfast.
D
Teens with bossy friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to our new research.
Bossy friends often use their decision-making power — for instance deciding which classmates their friends should follow on Instagram or ordering their friends go to a party they don’t want to attend.
Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence We are psychology researchers interested in the potential psychological consequences of having dominant (占支配地位的) friends.
We suspected that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel worthless or depressed. To investigate, we surveyed 388 teenagers at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, we asked our teen participants to answer questions about their close friends’ bossy behaviors: Do they make all the decisions Do they always get their way
Consistent with our predictions, we found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always “called the shots” — they experienced lower self-esteem and more symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Teenage years is a high-risk time for the beginning of psychological disorders. Rates of depression and anxiety tend to rise during the teenage years. Supportive and equal friendships can positively affect teen mental health, but our new research reveals a potential dark side to some close friendships. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends make decisions, our study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. Our findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to establish healthy friendships.
There is still a lot to learn about how power in friendships affect teen mental health. For example, is it better to have bossy friends than no friends at all Does having several supportive friends negate (取消) the harm of having one bossy friend And are there reasons some teens might be more likely than others to end up in these unhealthy friendships For example, it’s possible that personality plays a role, with more introverted (内向的) teens attracted by bossy peers, and vice versa. We also need to learn more about the best ways to effectively help them form better friendships. Many programs are designed to promote healthy teen romantic relationships, but far fewer address healthy teen friendships.
12. According to the text, what kind of friends put teenagers at a higher risk for mental health problems
A. Supportive friends. B. Dominant friends.
C. Depressed friends. D. Introverted friends.
13. How did the researchers conduct their study
A. By conducting experiments. B. By observing teenagers’ behaviors.
C By interviewing teenagers. D. By surveying teenagers’ parents.
14. What did the researchers find about the teenagers who had bossy friends
A. They were more likely to have low self-esteem.
B. They tend to have more symptoms of anxiety and feel less depressed.
C. They made their bossy friends worthless and powerless.
D. They preferred to follow their bossy friends’ orders.
15. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true
A. More related studies need to be conducted to address healthy teen friendships.
B. Many programs are designed to promote healthy teen romantic relationships.
C. More introverted teens are attracted by bossy peers and vice versa.
D. Some teens might feel fine letting their bossy friends make decisions.
第二节(共5小题;每题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项，选项中的两项为多余选项。
There have been several incidents in recent years where people died because of unsafe crowd conditions and stampedes(人群的蜂拥), the latest one unfolding in Seoul, South Korea, with at least 155 deaths reported. This may leave some people thinking there’s little you can do to survive a stampede. ____16____ But crowd-safety experts say there are several strategies that could help you avoid a potentially deadly outcome. Consider these steps below:
The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. ____17____ It’s a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.
If there’s a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct (本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way. ____18____ If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.
As you move forward with the crowd, it’s best to move in a diagonal (对角线的) direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it’s less likely that you’ll end up stuck at a choke-point, like a doorway.
____19____ Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck; behind a car or even a lamp post.
In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can’t breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room—literally. ____20____
A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.
B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.
C. In this case, you don’t necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.
D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are.
E. It’s a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.
F. Other events, such as a Halloween gathering, are likely to turn deadly.
G. Indeed, it’s a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.
第三部分：英语知识运用
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One day my daughter brought home four tiny trees from grade school. They had been given to her by the school to ____21____, but none of them looked very ____22____. I planted them in our backyard. Over the years ____23____ soil brought an end to three of them. Only a single evergreen was left.
It grew very slowly. It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side. Eventually it looked more like a fat ____24____ than a tree. I noticed that it was starting to ____25____. The lower branches were becoming ____26____. The needles on the upper branches had turned brown. Only the top third of the tree was still green. Last summer I did my best to ____27____ it by feeding it lots of fertilizer (肥料), but my efforts were in ____28____.
This morning I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down. That would make cleaning the yard ____29____ and I would no longer have to watch it _____30_____ gradually by natural processes. However, I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches. I smiled when I looked at it and realized that maybe this old tree had some life and _____31_____ left in it yet. It was giving a bird a _____32_____ and providing oxygen to the world.
This tree _____33_____ me of something, too. All of our lives have a (an) _____34_____. Until our last _____35_____ here we can help to make this world a better place.
21. A. study B. climb C. plant D. select
22. A. rare B. young C. attractive D. strong
23. A. soft B. poor C. wet D. fresh
24. A. bush B. root C. branch D. trunk
25. A. boom B. bend C. grow D. die
26. A. long B. straight C. bare D. shaky
27. A. save B. protect C. beautify D. sharpen
28. A. relief B. vain C. trouble D. effect
29. A. more tiring B. busier C. more interesting D. easier
30. A. destroyed B. absorbed C. covered D. explored
31 A. lack B. ambition C. heat D. usefulness
32. A. cage B. home C. stage D. room
33. A. reminded B. informed C. warned D. rid
34. A. matter B. result C. purpose D. end
35. A. hope B. moment C. chance D. belief
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two villages have been named the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization, thanks to their achievements in balancing tourism with economic development while ____36____ (stick) to environmental protection.
According to the organization, 32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and China ____37____ (award) the recognition late on Tuesday. China’s Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region ____38____ Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.
Figures ____39____ (provide) by the county’s culture and tourism bureau show that tourism development in Dazhai has brought great economic benefits to villagers and created more jobs ____40____ them since the village started to develop tourism around 2003.
As the bureau has pointed out, ____41____ the village only received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rose ____42____ (sharp) to nearly 798, 000 in 2019. The villagers’ average income among its 1,212 people of 271 households, also saw ____43____ rise from 700 yuan per year ($100) to over 34,500 yuan in 2019, the bureau said.
Jingzhu village, the other village recognized by the World Tourism Organization this year, is located in Wulong district of southwest Chongqing. Seated deep in the mountains, the Jingzhu Village keeps the lifestyles and architectural ____44____ (feature) that are rooted in its distinctive cultural and geographic conditions, laying the foundation of the successful renovation.
The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in 2021 ____45____ (promote) the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has four villages winning the title, the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.
单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
46. Looking back through the history of this highly-developed modern city with all varieties of advanced technology, it is shocking that it is set up in a place was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. once B. what C. that D. where
47. As the name yuanxiao or tangyuan implies, the dumpling balls symbolize is family unity.
A. which B. what C. and D. why
48. We are embracing a time we will carefully wrapped presents and sent them, with notes saying thank you, to our friends and relatives.
A. if B. whether C. which D. when
49. works for Douyin is that it is the first kind of platform for short videos not inspired by other western social media.
A. As B. It C. What D. Which
50. Data from some potential studies suggest promoting diet soda and other artificial sweeteners may be risky.
A. whoever B. who C. that D. what
51. What the volunteers were told and what the truth was were rather different things, is obvious in some experiments.
A. what B. it C. that D. which
52. If there is anything in the world a young man should be more grateful for than another, it is the poverty which causes him or her to start life under very great disadvantages.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
53. At the end of this activity, you will still have online access to carefully chosen familiar teachers with you can discuss your confusing problems.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
54. Faced with such a tough situation, what is hard to decide is I should go abroad.
A. whether B. that C. what D. where
55. Growing up means making all sorts of decisions, some can completely change your life and shape your future.
A. of them B. of it C. of that D. of which
56. is reflected in the spirits of many festivals that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning.
A. What B. It C. As D. Whoever
57. Forty years later, Mrs. Wyatt still remembers the golden times she and her husband spent in that small and plain house built by themselves.
A. when B. in that C. in which D. that
58. Scientists are investigating the issue of animal population losses in some regions this has happened.
A. that B. where C. how D. why
59. After this competition, nobody would stand out admitting the fact they lost the game.
A. that B. which C. what D. why
60. He believed that every individual was equal and independent, and it didn’t matter others treat him.
A. how B. what C. which D. that
单词拼写(共20小题，每小题0. 5分，共10分)
汉译英
61. 投诉，抱怨n. ________
62. 存在n. ________
63. 方便，便利n. ________
64. 推荐v. ________
65. 平衡的adj. ________
66. 观众，听众n. ________
67. 代表v. ________
68. 可用的，可获得的adj. ________
69. 承认，准入v. ________
70. 风俗，习惯n. ________
英译汉
71. attack ________
72. identify ________
73. tension ________
74. ultimate ________
75. indicate ________
76. occasion ________
77. defend ________
78. conflict ________
79. adapt ________
80. function ________
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
81. 假如你是李华，正在英国留学。下周你所在的社区将举行以中医为主题的社区活动，目前正在招募志愿者。请你用英文向主办方提出申请，内容包括：1.提出申请；2.介绍自己的优势；3.期待加入。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：中医traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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第1页/共1页
（北京）股份有限公司哈尔滨市第九中学2023—2024学年度上学期
12月学业阶段性评价考试高一英语学科考试试卷
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分共6页)
第一部分(听力测试 共两节 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
1. What does the man want to be in the future
A. A soldier. B. A lawyer. C. A teacher.
2. Where will the woman probably go first
A. The teacher’s office. B. The hospital. C. The gym.
3 How does the woman keep fit now
A. By working out at a gym. B. By playing basketball. C. By going climbing.
4. What will the woman do in the evening
A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Stay at home.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. Why the man is late. B. When the film starts. C. Who the visitor was.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. How many bedrooms are there in the house
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
7. What will the woman help the man do
A. Take care of the documents.
B. Lead him to the bank.
C. Check on the house.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What attracted the man most in Paris
A. The Eiffel Tower. B. The Louvre Museum. C. Restaurants and clubs.
9. How did the man find his vacation
A. Boring. B. wonderful. C. Tiring.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. How teenagers keep healthy.
B. Why many teenagers get sick.
C. What food teenagers should have.
11. What does the man think of an hour’s exercise for teenagers daily
A. It’s not enough. B. It’s too tiring. C. It’s necessary.
12. What does the man suggest teenagers do
A. Stop eating fast food. B. Keep their hands clean. C. Improve their schoolwork.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where does the woman work
A. In a transport business. B. In a shopping centre. C. In a hospital.
14. How will the woman go to work
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By train.
15. What is the man’s opinion on parking in Broadgreen
A. It is costly. B. It is easy. C. It is hard.
16. What is the disadvantage of Broadgreen
A. It is far from the shopping places.
B. There is a lot of noise.
C. The rents are high.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did Hemingway produce his first collection of short stories
A. In 1923. B. In 1932. C. In 1952.
18. What is Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises about
A. A group of reporters. B. Some writers and artists. C. His childhood experience.
19. What do we know about A Farewell to Arms
A. It came out in 1924.
B. It was Hemingway’s third novel.
C. It describes something related to World War I.
20. What was The Old Man and the Sea based on
A. The story of a reporter.
B. An old fisherman’s real life.
C. Hemingway’s experiences of going fishing.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Frances Stevens Reese Wooldland Trail Guide
The Woodland Trail was opened to the public on October 21, 1997. Boscobel’s Board of Directors adopted a formal decision of naming the Woodland Trail in honor of former Boscobel board member, Fances Stevens Reese (1917-2003), one year after his death.
The trail(小径) is approximately 10 miles in length, leading down to Constitution Forest. When the West Point Glass Factory was operating during the Civil War, trees for miles around were cleared to provide firewood. Walking out of the forest, you will find a large mass of native hard rock about three billion years old.
Throughout this country path, you will find picture boards identifying birds and plants local to this region. You will also find signs with historic and environmental information written by area specialists.
When you take a walk through this “undiscovered” forest land, please be a considerate guest.
Before walking the trail, please purchase a pass in the Carriage House. Plan ahead, so you will be back by closing time.
Follow the trail markers and remain on the trail. Besides protecting the fragile forest ecosystem, you will reduce the risk of poison plants and snakes.
Leave rocks, plants, animals and art works where you see them so that the person behind you can have the same experience.
Carry out whatever you carry in because there are no rubbish containers on the trail. If you happen to see a piece of litter, be a good guest and pick it up.
1. When was the trail named to honor Frances Stevens Reese
A. In 1997. B. In 1917
C. In 2003 D. In 2004
2. What can you see along the trail
A. An old battle field. B. A glass factory.
C. Information signs. D. Rock houses.
3. What should you do as a thoughtful visitor
A Leave the wildlife undisturbed.
B. Throw the rubbish into the dustbins.
C. Make reservations in the Carriage House.
D. Protect the markers of the Woodland Trail.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一条以博斯科贝尔前董事会成员Fances Stevens Reese(1917-2003)的名字命名一条林地小径的情况和参观的注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。第一段第二句Boscobel’s Board of Directors adopted a formal decision of naming the Woodland Trail in honor of former Boscobel board member, Fances Stevens Reese (1917-2003), one year after his death.（博斯科贝尔的董事会通过了一项正式决定，在博斯科贝尔前董事会成员芬斯·史蒂文斯·里斯去世一年后，以芬斯·史蒂文斯·里斯(1917-2003)的名字命名这条林地小径。）可知这条纪念弗朗西丝·史蒂文斯·里斯的小道是2004年命名的。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。第三段Throughout this country path, you will find picture boards identifying birds and plants local to this region. You will also find signs with historic and environmental information written by area specialists.（在这条乡间小路上，你会发现一些图板，上面画着当地的鸟类和植物。你还会发现由地区专家撰写的带有历史和环境信息的标志。）可知你可以看到沿途的信息标志。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段When you take a walk through this “undiscovered” forest land, please be a considerate guest.（当你漫步在这片“未被发现”的林地时，请做一位体贴入微的客人。）可知要做一个体贴的游客，不要打扰野生动物。故选A。
【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如第三小题，根据第四段When you take a walk through this “undiscovered” forest land, please be a considerate guest.（当你漫步在这片“未被发现”的林地时，请做一位体贴入微的客人。）可知要做一个体贴的游客，不要打扰野生动物。故选A。
B
Getting out of my car one evening in late January, I met my neighbor Theresa, who had seen me drive in. “Mrs Taylor is in the hospital again,” she said. “I thought you’d like to know.” I had last seen Mrs Taylor a day or two before Christmas when I took her a little loaf of pumpkin bread, and she came from the backroom in her wheelchair to talk with me. Mrs Taylor and I had been neighbors for 17 years. I remember the dog she and her husband used to have. They called him Beau. He greeted everyone who walked by, and Mr Taylor loved him.
Most of my conversations with Mrs Taylor had been incidental — visits by the mailbox, running into one another at the gas station where she helped me put air in my tire, quiet talks at the funeral home where we went to honor the memory of a mutual (相互的) friend.
When my husband and I moved here with our four noisy, laughing kids, it must have seemed as if the peaceful quiet of the neighborhood had been forever broken. But we showed our enthusiasm to the neighbors sincerely although we had little in common with the mostly elderly folks on our street. Over the years they helped us love our children, picking them up when a bicycle overturned and sending the kids cards for their graduation. We have enjoyed the comfort of living beside people who help us if our tree falls on the fence and feed the cat when we’re away.
Mrs Taylor did not survive her latest set-back. Once again I walked into the funeral home to say good-bye to a neighbor. I remembered the barking dog, the chats by the mailbox, the friendly wave across the fence. I remembered, and I was sad, but I had no regrets. Now there is a new family moving into the Taylor place. I see children’s toys in the yard. It’s time to take a walk.
4. What can we know according to the first paragraph
A. Mrs Taylor has a big and happy family.
B. The author likes Mrs Taylor’s dog very much.
C. The author would like to know Mrs Taylor is in the hospital.
D. Mrs Taylor had been in poor health before Theresa told the author.
5. What does the underlined word “incidental” refer to
A. Helpful. B. Unprepared. C. Unpleasant. D. Delightful.
6. How did the author solve the difference with the neighbors
A. She let her children be less noisy and naughty.
B. She tried to know more elderly folks in her street.
C. She treated everyone in the neighborhood warmly.
D. She enjoyed the comfort of living beside neighbors.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. The True Neighbor B. Gratitude to my neighbor
C. Mrs Taylor — A Respectable Woman D. Expectation for New Neighbor
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者的邻居泰勒夫人，及泰勒夫人对作者一家的包容与帮助，这让作者很怀念。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Getting out of my car one evening in late January, I met my neighbor Theresa, who had seen me drive in. “Mrs Taylor is in the hospital again,” she said.(1月下旬的一个晚上，我从车里出来，遇到了邻居特蕾莎，她看到我开车进来。“泰勒夫人又住院了，”她说)”可知，特蕾莎告诉我泰勒夫人又住院了。由此可知，在此之前，泰勒夫人也住过院，也就是说，在特蕾莎告诉作者之前，泰勒夫人的健康状况就一直很差。故选D项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词句中“visits by the mailbox, running into one another at the gas station where she helped me put air in my tire, quiet talks at the funeral home where we went to honor the memory of a mutual (相互的) friend(在邮箱旁碰到，在加油站偶遇，她帮我给轮胎充气，在殡仪馆安静地交谈，我们去那里纪念一位共同的朋友)”可知，我和泰勒夫人都是在没有准备的情况下偶遇的，例如在邮箱旁碰到，在加油站偶遇等。由此可知，我和泰勒夫人的大部分对话都是在无准备的情况下进行的，“unprepared”意为“没有准备的”，能够表达划线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When my husband and I moved here with our four noisy, laughing kids, it must have seemed as if the peaceful quiet of the neighborhood had been forever broken. But we showed our enthusiasm to the neighbors sincerely although.(当我和丈夫带着四个吵闹、大笑的孩子搬到这里时，这个社区的宁静似乎永远被打破了。尽管如此，我们还是真诚地向邻居们展示了我们的热情)”可知，作者一家打破了社区的宁静，但一家人真诚地向邻居们展示了热情，以此来解决与邻居之间的分歧。由此可知，作者通过热情地对待社区的每一个人来解决与邻居之间的分歧。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mrs Taylor and I had been neighbors for 17 years.(泰勒夫人和我做了17年的邻居)”和第三段关键句“Over the years they helped us love our children, picking them up when a bicycle overturned and sending the kids cards for their graduation.(多年来，他们帮助我们爱我们的孩子，在自行车翻车时把他们抱起来，并给孩子们寄毕业贺卡)”可知，本文主要介绍了作者的邻居泰勒夫人，及泰勒夫人对作者一家的包容与帮助，这让作者很怀念。由此可知，“The True Neighbor(真正的邻居)”能够表达文章主要内容。故选A项。
C
You don’t need me to tell you how to brush your teeth. Twice a day, for two minutes. But are you heading to the bathroom after your breakfast, or before it Scheduling your morning maintenance might be more controversial (有争议的) than you thought.
“This is one of the biggest subjects for debate among our patients,” says Dr Sameer Patel, clinical director at Elleven Dental Wellness. For him the answer is simple: “brush before breakfast”. For tooth decay (腐烂) to start, he explains, three things are required: bacteria, sugar and time. “Overnight, you naturally develop plaque,” he says. “Plaque is, in essence, a sticky film of bacteria. That’s why you don’t wake up with great breath. If you don’t brush, you then introduce sugar at breakfast.” All three elements for decay are thus in place — a perfect storm inside your mouth as you munch. Brush before breakfast instead, and, “you go into eating with no bacteria, so that process of decay doesn’t start”.
“I recommend that my patients brush their teeth before having breakfast,” agrees Dr Olivia Johnson King, orthodontist at the Holland Park Dental Clinic. This, she explains, is because when we eat, the pH levels inside our mouths drops, becoming more acidic and making the outer surface of our teeth — the enamel — softer. “So if we brush directly after breakfast, in the long-term we could be weakening that outer surface and damaging our teeth,” she says.
While many dentists recommend brushing before breakfast, not everyone agrees. “There are lots of misconceptions, even among dentists, on this subject,” says Dr Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas, dentist and professor at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry. “People think brushing is all about removing food and plaque. Actually, it’s also an extremely important delivery method for fluoride (氟化物).” Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents decay. Brush before breakfast, and you will remove much of it as you eat, reducing the effectiveness of your toothpaste, he argues. Plus, he points out, people tend to eat breakfast pretty quickly, not giving the bacteria and food much time to join forces and do much damage. Brush straight after eating and, “you remove most of those carbohydrates (碳水化合物) right away, plus some of the bacteria, and you’re delivering fluoride to strengthen your teeth.”
With such strong views held by both camps, would it be best to brush both before and after breakfast
Dr Gonzalez-Cabezas laughs. “It’s hard enough to persuade people to brush twice a day—once in the morning and once before bed,” he says. “Brushing in the morning, whenever you’re able to do it, is better than skipping brushing your teeth at all.” So before breakfast or after breakfast — just don’t wait till your tooth hurts.
8. According to Dr. Patel, why should we brush before breakfast
A. We haven’t eaten for a long time. B. The pH levels inside our mouths drops.
C. We wake up with bad breath. D. The bacteria will be removed.
9. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean
A. a movie B. a thin layer C. sugar D. breakfast
10. What does Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The misconceptions on the subject
B. The reasons for brushing before breakfast
C. The opposing opinion of the former viewpoints
D. Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents decay.
11. What we can learn from the passage
A. Dr Patel and Dr King share the same reason for brushing teeth before breakfast.
B. Brushing teeth before breakfast is better than brushing after breakfast.
C. Dr. Gonzalez-Cabezas recommends people to brush both before and after breakfast.
D. It remains controversial whether it’s better to brush before breakfast.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过引述牙医的意见，讨论了早餐前后刷牙的争议。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Brush before breakfast instead, and, “you go into eating with no bacteria, so that process of decay doesn’t start”(相反，在早餐前刷牙，“你在没有细菌的情况下进食，这样腐烂的过程就不会开始”)”可知Patel博士认为早餐前刷牙是为了去除细菌，故选D项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词下文“a sticky film of bacteria(一层粘性的细菌膜)”可推理出划线词的含义为“一层薄薄的东西”，故选B项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“While many dentists recommend brushing before breakfast, not everyone agrees.( 虽然许多牙医建议在早餐前刷牙，但并不是每个人都同意)”、以及“Brush before breakfast, and you will remove much of it as you eat, reducing the effectiveness of your toothpaste(早餐前刷牙，你会在吃的时候去除大部分，从而降低牙膏的功效)”可推理出本段主要讲的是与前两种观点相对立的观点，故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Gonzalez-Cabezas laughs. “It’s hard enough to persuade people to brush twice a day—once in the morning and once before bed,” he says. “Brushing in the morning, whenever you’re able to do it, is better than skipping brushing your teeth at all.” So before breakfast or after breakfast — just don’t wait till your tooth hurts.( Gonzalez-Cabezas博士笑了。他说:“说服人们一天刷两次牙已经够难的了——一次在早上，一次在睡前。”“只要你能做到，早上刷牙总比不刷牙好。”所以不管是早餐前还是早餐后——不要等到牙疼了。)”可推理出对于早餐前刷牙是否更好仍有争议，故选D项。
D
Teens with bossy friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to our new research.
Bossy friends often use their decision-making power — for instance, deciding which classmates their friends should follow on Instagram or ordering their friends go to a party they don’t want to attend.
Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence We are psychology researchers interested in the potential psychological consequences of having dominant (占支配地位的) friends.
We suspected that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel worthless or depressed. To investigate, we surveyed 388 teenagers at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, we asked our teen participants to answer questions about their close friends’ bossy behaviors: Do they make all the decisions Do they always get their way
Consistent with our predictions, we found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always “called the shots” — they experienced lower self-esteem and more symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Teenage years is a high-risk time for the beginning of psychological disorders. Rates of depression and anxiety tend to rise during the teenage years. Supportive and equal friendships can positively affect teen mental health, but our new research reveals a potential dark side to some close friendships. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends make decisions, our study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. Our findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to establish healthy friendships.
There is still a lot to learn about how power in friendships affect teen mental health. For example, is it better to have bossy friends than no friends at all Does having several supportive friends negate (取消) the harm of having one bossy friend And are there reasons some teens might be more likely than others to end up in these unhealthy friendships For example, it’s possible that personality plays a role, with more introverted (内向的) teens attracted by bossy peers, and vice versa. We also need to learn more about the best ways to effectively help them form better friendships. Many programs are designed to promote healthy teen romantic relationships, but far fewer address healthy teen friendships.
12. According to the text, what kind of friends put teenagers at a higher risk for mental health problems
A. Supportive friends. B. Dominant friends.
C. Depressed friends. D. Introverted friends.
13. How did the researchers conduct their study
A. By conducting experiments. B. By observing teenagers’ behaviors.
C. By interviewing teenagers. D. By surveying teenagers’ parents.
14. What did the researchers find about the teenagers who had bossy friends
A. They were more likely to have low self-esteem.
B. They tend to have more symptoms of anxiety and feel less depressed.
C. They made their bossy friends worthless and powerless.
D. They preferred to follow their bossy friends’ orders.
15. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true
A. More related studies need to be conducted to address healthy teen friendships.
B. Many programs are designed to promote healthy teen romantic relationships.
C. More introverted teens are attracted by bossy peers and vice versa.
D. Some teens might feel fine letting their bossy friends make decisions.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究：有专横朋友的青少年患心理健康问题的风险更高。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Teens with bossy friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to our new research.(根据我们的最新研究，有专横朋友的青少年患心理健康问题的风险更高。)”可知，主导型朋友会让青少年患精神疾病的风险更高，故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“To investigate, we surveyed 388 teenagers at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, we asked our teen participants to answer questions about their close friends’ bossy behaviors: Do they make all the decisions Do they always get their way (为了进行调查，我们在一年中对美国高中的388名青少年进行了五次调查。每一次，我们都要求青少年参与者回答关于他们亲密朋友专横行为的问题：是他们做了所有的决定吗？他们总能如愿以偿吗？)”可推知，研究人员通过访问青少年来进行他们的研究的，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Consistent with our predictions, we found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always “called the shots” — they experienced lower self-esteem and more symptoms of depression or anxiety.(与我们的预测一致，我们发现当青少年在亲密的友谊中感到无力时——就像他们的朋友总是“发号施令”一样——他们的自尊心较低，更容易出现抑郁或焦虑的症状。)”可知，研究人员发现，那些有专横朋友的青少年更有可能缺乏自尊。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There is still a lot to learn about how power in friendships affect teen mental health.(关于友谊的力量如何影响青少年的心理健康，还有很多东西需要学习。)”可知，需要进行更多的相关研究来处理健康的青少年友谊，所以A项正确；根据最后一段中“Many programs are designed to promote healthy teen romantic relationships, but far fewer address healthy teen friendships.(许多项目旨在促进健康的青少年恋爱关系，但很少涉及健康的青少年友谊。)”可知，B项“许多节目旨在促进健康的青少年恋爱关系。”正确；根据最后一段中“For example, it’s possible that personality plays a role, with more introverted (内向的) teens attracted by bossy peers, and vice versa. (例如，性格可能起到一定作用，更内向的青少年被专横的同龄人吸引，反之亦然)”可知，C项“内向的青少年更容易被专横的同龄人吸引，反之亦然。”正确，D项“一些青少年可能觉得让他们专横的朋友做决定没什么问题。”与倒数第二段中“Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends make decisions, our study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. (尽管一些青少年可能愿意随波逐流，让他们的朋友做决定，但我们的研究发现，这种不平等的关系可能对心理有害。)”描述不符，文中说的是“让朋友做决定”而不是让“专横的朋友做决定”，所以不正确，故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项，选项中的两项为多余选项。
There have been several incidents in recent years where people died because of unsafe crowd conditions and stampedes(人群的蜂拥), the latest one unfolding in Seoul, South Korea, with at least 155 deaths reported. This may leave some people thinking there’s little you can do to survive a stampede. ____16____ But crowd-safety experts say there are several strategies that could help you avoid a potentially deadly outcome. Consider these steps below:
The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. ____17____ It’s a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.
If there’s a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct (本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way. ____18____ If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.
As you move forward with the crowd, it’s best to move in a diagonal (对角线的) direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it’s less likely that you’ll end up stuck at a choke-point, like a doorway.
____19____ Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck; behind a car or even a lamp post.
In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can’t breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room—literally. ____20____
A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.
B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.
C. In this case, you don’t necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.
D. Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are.
E. It’s a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.
F. Other events, such as a Halloween gathering, are likely to turn deadly.
G. Indeed, it’s a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了防止拥挤踩踏的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据空前一句“This may leave some people thinking there’s little you can do to survive a stampede(这可能会让一些人认为你几乎无法在踩踏事件中幸存下来)”可知，设空处应承接上句说明这种局面所导致的结果，G项：Indeed, it’s a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape(的确，这种局面很骇人，形势有可能让人难以逃脱)符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据空前一句“The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location(在人群中保持安全的关键是从你到达地点开始的)”可知，设空处应为最关键是留意最近的出口在哪里。D项：Namely, he advises people to take note of where the nearest exits are(也就是说，他建议人们留意最近的出口在哪里)中“he”与上一句的“Randy Atlas”相呼应。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据空前一句“your instinct may be to fight back and push the opposite way(你的本能可能是反击并向相反的方向推进)”以及后句“If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down(如果你逆潮流而动，你被绊倒和撞倒的几率就会增加)”可知，你本能做出的行为可能是错的，所以B项：But that could be a big mistake,Atlas warns(Atlas警告说这样做可能是错误的)符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
设空处为本段的主题句。根据空后“Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck; behind a car or even a lamp post(找一个坚实的结构站在后面，如柱子或墙。其他地方可以躲避；躲在汽车后面，甚至是灯柱后面)”可知，空出提出应该保护自己。A项：Another potential way is to shelter yourself(另一种可能的方法是保护自己)概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据空前“But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room—literally(但有一种可能的方法可以避免这种情况，那就是将手臂放在身前，几乎像拳击手一样。这可能会给你一些非常宝贵的喘息空间)”可知，空处应陈述这种行为看似简单，却非常有效。E项：It’s a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.(这是一个简单的姿势，但却出奇地有效，而且可能挽救生命)符合题意，pose呼应上文position，故选E。
第三部分：英语知识运用
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One day my daughter brought home four tiny trees from grade school. They had been given to her by the school to ____21____, but none of them looked very ____22____. I planted them in our backyard. Over the years ____23____ soil brought an end to three of them. Only a single evergreen was left.
It grew very slowly. It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side. Eventually it looked more like a fat ____24____ than a tree. I noticed that it was starting to ____25____. The lower branches were becoming ____26____. The needles on the upper branches had turned brown. Only the top third of the tree was still green. Last summer I did my best to ____27____ it by feeding it lots of fertilizer (肥料), but my efforts were in ____28____.
This morning I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down. That would make cleaning the yard ____29____ and I would no longer have to watch it _____30_____ gradually by natural processes. However, I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches. I smiled when I looked at it and realized that maybe this old tree had some life and _____31_____ left in it yet. It was giving a bird a _____32_____ and providing oxygen to the world.
This tree _____33_____ me of something, too. All of our lives have a (an) _____34_____. Until our last _____35_____ here we can help to make this world a better place.
21. A. study B. climb C. plant D. select
22. A. rare B. young C. attractive D. strong
23. A. soft B. poor C. wet D. fresh
24. A. bush B. root C. branch D. trunk
25. A. boom B. bend C. grow D. die
26. A. long B. straight C. bare D. shaky
27. A. save B. protect C. beautify D. sharpen
28. A. relief B. vain C. trouble D. effect
29. A. more tiring B. busier C. more interesting D. easier
30. A. destroyed B. absorbed C. covered D. explored
31. A. lack B. ambition C. heat D. usefulness
32. A. cage B. home C. stage D. room
33. A. reminded B. informed C. warned D. rid
34. A. matter B. result C. purpose D. end
35. A. hope B. moment C. chance D. belief
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家院子里的一棵树在濒死之际仍然为鸟提供筑巢的地方，为世界提供氧气，我们人类也应如此，直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校把树交给她种植，但没有一棵看起来很强壮。A. study学习；B. climb爬；C. plant种植；D. select选择。根据下文“I planted them in our backyard.”中的“planted”可知，学校把树交给女儿种植，所以我把它们种在后院了。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学校把树交给她种植，但没有一棵看起来很强壮。A. rare稀有的；B. young年轻的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. strong强壮的。根据句中“but”和下文“Only a single evergreen was left.”可知，只有一棵常青树活了下来，由此可知，这四棵树中没有一棵看起来很强壮。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，贫瘠的土壤终结了其中三棵树。只剩下一棵常青树了。A. soft柔软的；B. poor贫乏的，贫瘠的；C. wet潮湿的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据句中“brought an end to three of them”可知，四棵树中有三棵死掉了，由此可知，土壤是贫瘠的，不利于树的生存。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，它看起来更像一棵宽大的灌木，而不是一棵树。A. bush灌木；B. root根；C. branch树枝；D. trunk树干。根据上文“It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side.”可知，这棵树长得不高并且向一边倾斜，由此可知，它更像一棵宽大的灌木。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到它开始走向死亡了。A. boom使兴旺；B. bend弯曲；C. grow生长；D. die死亡。根据下文“The needles on the upper branches had turned brown.”可知，上面树枝上的针叶已经变成棕色，由此可知，这棵树开始走向死亡了。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下面的树枝变得光秃秃的。A. long长的；B. straight直的；C. bare光秃秃的；D. shaky摇摇欲坠的。根据下文“The needles on the upper branches had turned brown.”可知，上面树枝上的针叶已经变成棕色，树的生长状况并不好，由此可知，下面的树枝已经变得光秃秃的，没有叶子了。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，我给它施了很多肥料，尽我最大的努力来拯救它，但我的努力是徒劳的。A. save拯救；B. protect保护；C. beautify美化；D. sharpen锐化。根据句中“by feeding it lots of fertilizer”可知，我给这棵树施了很多肥料，是想尽最大的努力来拯救它。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，我给它施了很多肥料，尽我最大的努力来拯救它，但我的努力是徒劳的。A. relief宽慰；B. vain徒劳的；C. trouble麻烦；D. effect影响。根据句中“but”可知，上下文为转折关系，虽然我尽最大的努力来拯救它，但我的努力没有用，是徒劳的，“in vain”意为“徒劳，白费力气”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将使清理院子变得更容易，我再也不用看着它被自然过程逐渐毁灭。A. more tiring更累人的；B. busier更忙碌的；C. more interesting更有趣的；D. easier更容易的。根据上文“cut it down”可知，把树砍掉后，清理院子会变得更容易。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将使清理院子变得更容易，我再也不用看着它被自然过程逐渐毁灭。A. destroyed毁灭；B. absorbed吸收；C. covered覆盖；D. explored探索。根据上文“Only the top third of the tree was still green.”可知，树上只有少许的绿色，即将死亡，由此可知，我不想看到树被自然过程逐渐毁灭。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看着它时，我笑了，意识到这棵老树可能还剩下一些生命和可用性。A. lack缺乏；B. ambition雄心；C. heat热度；D. usefulness可用性。根据上文“I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches”可知，我注意到一只鸟正在最顶端的树枝上耐心地筑巢，由此可知，我意识到这棵树还有一些可用性。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了一只鸟一个家，为世界提供了氧气。A. cage笼子；B. home家；C. stage舞台；D. room房间。根据上文“I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches”可知，一只鸟正在最顶端的树枝上筑巢，鸟巢是鸟的家，由此可知，这棵树给了这只鸟一个家。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这棵树也提醒了我一些事情。我们的一生都有一个目标。直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。A. reminded提醒；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. rid摆脱。根据下文“All of our lives have a (an)_____. Until our last _____ here we can help to make this world a better place.”可知，下文是作者通过树的故事得到的感悟，由此可知，句中指这棵树也提醒了我一些事情，“remind sb. of sth.”意为“提醒某人某事”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这棵树也提醒了我一些事情。我们的一生都有一个目标。直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。A. matter事情；B. result结果；C. purpose目标；D. end结局。根据下文“Until our last _____ here we can help to make this world a better place.”可知，“帮助这个世界变得更美好”应该是我们的人生目标。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这棵树也提醒了我一些事情。我们的一生都有一个目标。直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。A. hope希望；B. moment时刻；C. chance机会；D. belief信仰。根据句中“last”和上文内容可知，树在濒死的最后时刻能为鸟提供筑巢的地方，我们人类也是，直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two villages have been named the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization, thanks to their achievements in balancing tourism with economic development while ____36____ (stick) to environmental protection.
According to the organization, 32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and China ____37____ (award) the recognition late on Tuesday. China’s Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region ____38____ Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.
Figures ____39____ (provide) by the county’s culture and tourism bureau show that tourism development in Dazhai has brought great economic benefits to villagers and created more jobs ____40____ them since the village started to develop tourism around 2003.
As the bureau has pointed out, ____41____ the village only received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rose ____42____ (sharp) to nearly 798, 000 in 2019. The villagers’ average income among its 1,212 people of 271 households, also saw ____43____ rise from 700 yuan per year ($100) to over 34,500 yuan in 2019, the bureau said.
Jingzhu village, the other village recognized by the World Tourism Organization this year, is located in Wulong district of southwest Chongqing. Seated deep in the mountains, the Jingzhu Village keeps the lifestyles and architectural ____44____ (feature) that are rooted in its distinctive cultural and geographic conditions, laying the foundation of the successful renovation.
The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in 2021 ____45____ (promote) the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has four villages winning the title, the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.
【答案】36. sticking
37. were awarded
38. and 39. provided
40. for 41. though##although
42. sharply
43. a 44. features
45. to promote
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界旅游组织评选的“2022年最佳旅游村庄”中，中国广西壮族自治区的大寨村和重庆的荆竹村成功入选，这两个村子在平衡旅游与经济发展、坚持环境保护方面取得了成绩。
【36题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：世界旅游组织评选的“2022年最佳旅游村庄”中，有两个村庄在平衡旅游与经济发展、坚持环境保护方面取得了成绩。此处是while引导的状语从句的省略，即当主句和从句主语是同一主语，且从句含有be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词，主语Two villages和动词stick是主动关系，完整从句为while they are sticking to environmental protection，省略they are，保留现在分词。故填sticking。
【37题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据该组织透露，周二晚些时候，包括奥地利、智利和中国在内的18个国家和地区的32个村庄获得了该奖项。此处在句中作谓语，主语32 villages in 18 countries and regions和动词award是被动关系，且句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were awarded。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：中国广西壮族自治区的大寨村和重庆的荆竹村获得了认可。China’s Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region和Jingzhu village in Chongqing是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：县文化旅游局提供的数据显示，大寨村自2003年左右开始发展旅游业以来，旅游业的发展为村民带来了巨大的经济效益，并为他们创造了更多的就业机会。句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，figures和动词provide是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填provided。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：县文化旅游局提供的数据显示，大寨村自2003年左右开始发展旅游业以来，旅游业的发展为村民带来了巨大的经济效益，并为他们创造了更多的就业机会。此处表示“为了”，应用介词for，故填for。
【41题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：正如国家统计局指出的那样，尽管该村2004年只接待了3.2万人次的游客，但2019年游客数量急剧上升至近79.8万人次。空处引导让步状语从句，应用though/although表示“尽管”，故填though或although。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：正如国家统计局指出的那样，尽管该村2004年只接待了3.2万人次的游客，但2019年游客数量急剧上升至近79.8万人次。此处应用副词sharply，作状语，修饰动词rose，故填sharply。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该局表示，村民的平均收入在1212人(271户)中也从每年700元(100美元)增加到2019年的34500元。此处泛指一次增长，应用不定冠词来修饰，且rise发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a来修饰，故填a。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：荆竹村坐落于深山之中，其独特的文化和地理条件使其保留了独特的生活方式和建筑特色，为成功的翻新工程奠定了基础。此处应用名词feature作宾语，为可数名词，that引导的定语从句，修饰空处，由are可知，feature应用复数形式，故填features。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2021年，世界旅游组织开始颁发世界最佳旅游村奖，以促进文化遗产保护和村庄的可持续发展。此处应用不定式，作目的状语，故填to promote。
单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
46. Looking back through the history of this highly-developed modern city with all varieties of advanced technology, it is shocking that it is set up in a place was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. once B. what C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：回顾这座拥有各种先进技术的高度发达的现代城市的历史，令人震惊的是，它建在十年前还是一片荒地的地方。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，且从句中缺少主语，故填that，引导定语从句。故选C。
47. As the name yuanxiao or tangyuan implies, the dumpling balls symbolize is family unity.
A. which B. what C. and D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：正如元宵或汤圆的名字所暗示的那样，饺子象征着家庭团结。设空处引导主语从句且在句中作指物的宾语，应用what。故选B。
48. We are embracing a time we will carefully wrapped presents and sent them, with notes saying thank you, to our friends and relatives.
A. if B. whether C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们正在拥抱一个我们会精心包装礼物，并把它们寄给我们的朋友和亲戚，附上感谢信的时代。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“time”，在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故选D。
49. works for Douyin is that it is the first kind of platform for short videos not inspired by other western social media.
A. As B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：抖音的成功之处在于，它是第一个不受其他西方社交媒体启发的短视频平台。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故选C。
50. Data from some potential studies suggest promoting diet soda and other artificial sweeteners may be risky.
A. whoever B. who C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：一些潜在研究的数据表明，推广无糖汽水和其他人工甜味剂可能有风险。设空处引导宾语从句，从句含义完整，不缺成份，应用that。故选C。
51. What the volunteers were told and what the truth was were rather different things, is obvious in some experiments.
A. what B. it C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在一些实验中，志愿者被告知的和真实的情况是截然不同的。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个句子，应用which。故选D。
52. If there is anything in the world a young man should be more grateful for than another, it is the poverty which causes him or her to start life under very great disadvantages.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：如果世界上有什么是年轻人应该比其他人更感激的，那就是使他或她在非常不利的条件下开始生活的贫困。设空处引导定语从句先行词anything且在句中作for的宾语，应用that。故选B。
53. At the end of this activity, you will still have online access to carefully chosen familiar teachers with you can discuss your confusing problems.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这个活动结束时，你仍然可以在线访问精心挑选的熟悉的老师，他们可以和你讨论你困惑的问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词teachers，作介词的宾语，指人，应用whom。故选C。
54. Faced with such a tough situation, what is hard to decide is I should go abroad.
A. whether B. that C. what D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：面对这样艰难的处境，我真难决定到底该不该出国。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether。故选A。
55. Growing up means making all sorts of decisions some can completely change your life and shape your future.
A. of them B. of it C. of that D. of which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：成长意味着做出各种各样的决定，其中一些决定可以完全改变你的生活，塑造你的未来。分析句子可知，空处应用“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“all sorts of decisions”，关系代词作介词的宾语，故应用of which。故选D。
56. is reflected in the spirits of many festivals that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning.
A. What B. It C. As D. Whoever
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：一个深思熟虑的词语或行为会丰富生活，赋予生活以意义，这在许多节日的精神中都能反映出。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故选B。
57. Forty years later, Mrs. Wyatt still remembers the golden times she and her husband spent in that small and plain house built by themselves.
A. when B. in that C. in which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：四十年后的今天，怀亚特夫人仍然记得她和丈夫在那所自己建造的小而朴素的房子里度过的黄金时光。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the golden times，指物，且关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，应用that/which引导定语从句，故选D。
58. Scientists are investigating the issue of animal population losses in some regions this has happened.
A. that B. where C. how D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：科学家们正在调查发生这种情况的一些地区动物数量减少的问题。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“some regions”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故选B。
59. After this competition, nobody would stand out admitting the fact they lost the game.
A. that B. which C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：比赛结束后，没有人站出来承认他们输了比赛。说明fact的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故选A。
60. He believed that every individual was equal and independent, and it didn’t matter others treat him.
A. how B. what C. which D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他相信每个人都是平等和独立的，别人如何对待他并不重要。空处引导主语从句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是空处引导的从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用how引导主语从句，故选A。
单词拼写(共20小题，每小题0. 5分，共10分)
汉译英
61. 投诉，抱怨n. ________
62. 存在n. ________
63. 方便，便利n. ________
64. 推荐v. ________
65. 平衡的adj. ________
66. 观众，听众n. ________
67. 代表v. ________
68. 可用的，可获得的adj. ________
69. 承认，准入v. ________
70. 风俗，习惯n. ________
【答案】61 complaint
62. existence
63. convenience
64. recommend 65. balanced 66. audience
67. represent
68. available 69. admit 70. custom
【解析】
【61题详解】
名词“投诉，抱怨”，英文表达是complaint，故填complaint
【62题详解】
名词“存在”，英文表达是existence，故填existence
【63题详解】
名词“方便，便利”，英文表达是convenience，故填convenience
【64题详解】
动词“推荐”，英文表达是recommend，故填recommend
【65题详解】
形容词“平衡”，英文表达是balanced，故填balanced
【66题详解】
名词“观众，听众”，英文表达是audience，故填audience
【67题详解】
动词“代表”，英文表达是represent，故填represent
【68题详解】
形容词“可用的，可获得的”，英文表达是available，故填available
【69题详解】
动词“承认，准入”，英文表达是admit，故填admit
【70题详解】
名词“风俗，习惯”，英文表达是custom，故填custom
英译汉
71. attack ________
72. identify ________
73. tension ________
74. ultimate ________
75. indicate ________
76. occasion ________
77. defend ________
78. conflict ________
79. adapt ________
80. function ________
【答案】71. v. & n. 攻击；侵袭，侵蚀
72. v. 识别，认出；发现，确定
73. n. 紧张，焦虑
74. adj. 最终的，根本的
75. v. 表明，显示
76. n. 场合，时刻
77. v. 防守，防卫；辩护
78. n. 冲突；战争 v. 冲突
79. v. （使）适应，（使）适合；改编
80. n. 功能，作用 v. 起作用，运转
【解析】
【71题详解】
attack是动词兼名词，中文意思是“攻击；侵袭，侵蚀”。故答案为：v. & n. 攻击；侵袭，侵蚀。
【72题详解】
identify是动词，中文意思是“识别，认出；发现，确定”。故答案为：v. 识别，认出；发现，确定。
【73题详解】
tension是名词，中文意思是“紧张，焦虑”。故答案为：n. 紧张，焦虑。
【74题详解】
ultimate是形容词，中文意思是“最终的，根本的”。故答案为：adj. 最终的，根本的。
【75题详解】
indicate是动词，中文意思是“表明，显示”。故答案为：v. 表明，显示。
【76题详解】
occasion是名词，中文意思是“场合，时刻”。故答案为：n. 场合，时刻。
【77题详解】
defend是动词，中文意思是“防守，防卫；辩护”。故答案为：v. 防守，防卫；辩护。
【78题详解】
conflict是名词兼动词，作名词时中文意思是“冲突；战争”，作动词时中文意思是“冲突”。故答案为：n. 冲突；战争 v. 冲突。
【79题详解】
adapt是动词，中文意思是“（使）适应，（使）适合；改编”。故答案为：v. （使）适应，（使）适合；改编。
【80题详解】
function是名词兼动词，作名词时中文意思是“功能，作用”，作动词时中文意思是“起作用，运转”。故答案为：n. 功能，作用 v. 起作用，运转。
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
81. 假如你是李华，正在英国留学。下周你所在的社区将举行以中医为主题的社区活动，目前正在招募志愿者。请你用英文向主办方提出申请，内容包括：1.提出申请；2.介绍自己的优势；3.期待加入。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：中医traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua, an international student from China. Hearing that you are recruiting volunteers for the activity about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), I cannot wait to apply to be one.
I am competent for the job in that my parents happen to be TCM doctors. Brought up in the dense atmosphere of medicine, I am equipped with abundant knowledge of how to distinguish various Chinese herbal medicines. Besides, I have the experience of being a volunteer guide for Americans, so I am convinced that I will live up to your expectations.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account. Looking forward to working with you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封申请信，申请成为社区活动的志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
合格的/胜任的：competent→capable
因为：in that→because/since/as
相信：be convinced that→be sure that/believe that
考虑：take sth into account→think about sth/take sth into consideration
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：Besides, I have the experience of being a volunteer guide for Americans, so I am convinced that I will live up to your expectations.
拓展句：Besides, I have the experience of being a volunteer guide for Americans, because of which I am convinced that I will live up to your expectations.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you are recruiting volunteers for the activity about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), I cannot wait to apply to be one.（“Hearing that you are recruiting volunteers for the activity about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)”为现在分词作状语，且该结构中that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I am competent for the job in that my parents happen to be TCM doctors.（运用了in that引导原因状语从句）
【高分句型3】I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）
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