人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking 同步练习（含解析）

课时把关练
Part I Reading and Thinking
基础知识练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a f　　　　　　（燃料）and a supply of oxygen.
2. Development has been guided by a concern for the e　　　　　　（生态）of the area.
3. Before r　　　　　　（释放），the sea lions are fitted with electronic tracking devices.
4. Plants absorb c　　　　　　（碳） dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.
5. The problem at present is how to get enough food to s　　　　　　（维持）life.
6. The first b　　　　　　（广播） of VOA Special English was on October 19，1959.
7. The living conditions there severely r　　　　　　（限制）the children’s freedom to play.
8. They believe that the European Community needs a common foreign and security p　　　　　　（政策）.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. At present，cycling，　　　　 　　　　（和……一起） jogging and swimming，is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
2. Miss Jackson believes her experiment could 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（对……有影响） the environment.
3. When John meets with difficulties，he usually chooses to 　　　　 　　　　（参考） relevant learning materials.
4. The planets’ strong force of gravity holds 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（大量的） hydrogen and helium gas.
5. As far as I’m concerned，concentration on your studies will 　　　　 　　　　（导致）good grades.
6. The country is trying to 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（采取措施来） prevent and control pollution.
7. Government will need to 　　　　 　　　　（制定政策） to encourage private companies.
8. If I were you，I should 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（抓住这次机遇） to improve myself.
Ⅲ. 单句语法填空
1. They have sent some books to the countryside because children there are starving 　　　　　　 knowledge.
2. Many factories pour untreated water into rivers directly，and release poisonous gas 　　　　　　 the air，which causes acid rain.
3. The new teacher found it difficult 　　　　　　（sustain） the children’s interest in class.
4. The concert will 　　　　　　（broadcast）live tomorrow evening.
5. He is self-employed because he finds working for other people too 　　　　　　（restrict）.
6. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more 　　　　　　(frequent)，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.
7. The students were doing a 　　　　　　（comprehension） review of the term’s work.
8. 　　　　　　（sustain） development of society and environment is closely related to human culture.
Ⅳ. 练通句型
【一句多译】
1. 在挪威北极岛斯瓦尔巴群岛发现的一只死北极熊的新闻照片使人们震惊。
①People were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.（定语从句）
②People were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear 　　　　 　　　　 Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. （过去分词作定语）
2. 他当时能记得的是，他滑了一下，倒在了地上。
① 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 at the moment was that he slipped and fell to the ground. （定语从句）
② 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 at the moment was that he slipped and fell to the ground.（主语从句）
3. 我们认为对环境做出贡献是我们的责任。
①We think 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to make contributions to the environment. （形式主语）
②We think 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to make contributions to the environment. （形式宾语）
【句式升级】
4. This is without doubt the most significant personal experience I have been through.
（同位语从句）
5. Playing ping-pong can not only build up your body but also it shapes your character.
（倒装句）
能力提升练
V. 教材语法填空
There is little doubt 1. 　　　　 Earth is becoming warmer and there is strong evidence of what causes the dramatic change in the global climate. A 2013 news photo of a 2. 　　　　（die）polar bear showed that the polar bear seemed to have died of 3. 　　　　（starve）. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had 4. 　　　　 impact on Earth’s ecology.
　　The“greenhouse effect”is to blame. The “greenhouse effect”has two common meanings： the“natural”greenhouse effect 5. 　　　　 the “man-made”greenhouse effect. The process of “natural” greenhouse effect 6. 　　　　（keep） Earth’s climate warm and habitable while the “man-made”greenhouse effect causes Earth’s surface temperature 7. 　　　　（rise）.
　　As is known to all，the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only 8. 　　　　（cause） serious damage，but also costing human lives. 9. 　　　　（reduce） greenhouse gas emissions， governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures while we as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide 10. 　　　　（we） lifestyles produce.
VI.阅读理解
A
　　An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas Mountains with the help of coffee growers.
　　Since 2016，San Lucas areas have been threatened by mining and coca（古柯） planting. Gold miners and coca growers make more money than coffee farmers. Now the group WebConserva helps link coffee farmers with coffee processors from around the country in order that they can earn more. At the same time coffee farms can serve as borders around forests to protect the biodiversity within.
　　To date，the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said it hopes，in time，200 families will be included. At that level，20，000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. The families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals. In return，they receive $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee.
　　Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His coffee farm sets up a barrier between cattle farms and forests where wild animals live，thus reducing the possibility of conflict between cattle farmers and wild animals.“Cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife are against my faith，and now I feel that growing coffee lets me be a good guard of the land，”he said.
　　Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner.“Many families depended on illegal activities to support their children years ago. Now，we feel it a duty to look after this biodiversity and to leave it for future generations，”he said.
　　Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park，but the process has been slow. Carlos Valderrama，director of WebConserva，hopes the project can build production system that will last far into the future.“It protects forests，biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time as improving coffee growers’ quality of life，”he said.
1. What does the underlined word“they”in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Gold miners. B. WebConserva members.
C. Coffee farmers. D. Coca growers.
2. How does WebConserva save wild areas in San Lucas
A. By setting up a barrier. B. By increasing cattle farms.
C. By developing gold mining. D. By encouraging coffee farming.
3. What does the author intend to show by mentioning Arcadio Barajas and Arnobis Romero
A. There are families having a sense of duty.
B. The project will attract more and more families.
C. Families have enough money for their children.
D. Coffee planting will last for several generations.
4. What can be inferred from the text
A. Families protecting wildlife will get very rich.
B. WebConserva benefits ecosystems and local people’s life.
C. Gold mining and coca farming have been replaced rapidly.
D. San Lucas will develop into a national park in the near future.
B
　　The Tibet Autonomous Region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision（监督）. It was announced at an annual meeting of the regional People’s Congress， which kicked off on Wednesday.
　　The ecological protection area，which covers more than 539，000 square kilometers，makes up 45 percent of the region’s area，and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
　　According to the government work report，the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet’s cities has reached 99.4 percent，and all the region’s drinking water sources have met applicable standards.
　　The report also said that the number of the Tibetan antelope（羚） in the region has risen to more than 200，000，wildlife species to 1，072 and black-necked cranes to more than 8，000. Five rare new species have been discovered in recent years. The region has spent 12.2 billion yuan（about $1.9 billion）on ecological protection projects in recent years. Five cities and three counties have been named as national-level ecologically civilized model cities and counties， and more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work.
　　More advanced monitoring facilities have been in place in the reserve，with more ecological protection inspectors employed to undertake protection work. The professional ecological inspectors are provided with basic tools such as motorcycles，telescopes and paging receivers，and they provide feedback regularly. Professional inspectors also receive one week of training every year from professors at Tibet University.
　　Kunsang Darje，a railway maintenance worker in Nagchu，said that apart from maintaining the railway and highway，he also collects trash along the section with his colleagues.“The place where I work is in a no-man’s land，and I think it’s very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities，and we are also bound to take responsibility there，”he said.
5. What is the main idea of the text
A. The ecological situation in Tibet has been completely improved.
B. Tibetan land is under good ecological supervision.
C. Much more operational ecological reserves have been built.
D. More Tibetan protection inspectors have been employed.
6. Which of the following is the positive effect of Tibet’s ecological protection
A. Larger protection areas. B. Numerous rare new species.
C. More days with quality air. D. Global capital investments.
7. In which aspect do people benefit from doing ecological protection work
A. Protection inspectors can employ other people.
B. Protection inspectors are supplied with cars.
C. Tibet’s rural residents can get annual training.
D. Tibet’s rural residents can earn extra money.
8. What can be inferred from Kunsang Darje’s words
A. He asks his colleagues not to litter everywhere.
B. He attaches importance to raising animals there.
C. He keeps the railway and highway in good condition.
D. He has a sense of duty to protect animals there.
VII.完形填空
　　I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　1　 among tons of rubbish in the highest mountain in Africa. I find a clean mountain，　2　 toilets at camps and along the paths. The environ-mental challenges are 　3　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be
　4 　.
　　The best of a Kilimanjaro 　5　，in my opinion，isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded 　6　 spiritual places by many cultures. This 　7　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 　8　 go through five ecosystems（生态系统） in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters， 　9　 lands of low growing plants. Further up， the weather 　10　—low clouds envelop the mountainsides，which are covered with thick grass. I 　11　 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland 　12　： gravel（砾石），stones and rocks. 　13　 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 　14　 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
　　Does Kilimanjaro 　15　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
2. A. despite B. unlike C. without D. with
3. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
4. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
5. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
6. A. for B. by C. with D. as
7. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
8. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
9. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
10. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
11. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
12. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
13. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
14. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
15. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
　
课时把关练
Part I Reading and Thinking
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. fuel　2. ecology　 3. release　 4. carbon　 5. sustain　 6. broadcast　 7. restricted　 8. policy　
Ⅱ. 1. along with 2. have an impact on 3. refer to 4. huge amounts of 5. result in 6. take measures to
7. make policies 8. seize the opportunity
Ⅲ. 1. for　句意：他们给乡村送了一些书，因为那里的孩子们渴望知识。starve for渴望，是固定搭配。
2. into　句意：许多工厂将未经处理的水直接排入河流，向空气中释放有毒气体，这导致了酸雨。release...into...把……排入……
3. to sustain 句意：这位新老师发现在课堂上维持孩子们的兴趣点很难。it为形式宾语，故用动词不定式作真正的宾语。
4. be broadcast/broadcasted 句意：音乐会明晚将进行现场直播。broadcast和concert是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
5. restrictive　句意：他自谋职业是因为他觉得为别人打工限制性太强。restrictive限制性的；约束的。
6. frequently　句意：高收入父母倾向于让孩子更频繁地玩拼图，玩拼图的男孩和女孩都有更好的空间感。所填词修饰动词play，故用副词形式。
7. comprehensive　句意：学生们正在进行整学期功课的综合复习。所填的词修饰名词，故用形容词形式。
8. Sustainable　句意：社会和环境的可持续发展与人类文化密切相关。所填的词修饰名词，故用形容词形式。
Ⅳ. 1. ①that/which was found that/which引导的是定语从句。
②found on　found是过去分词，在句中作定语。
2. ①All that he could remember that引导的是定语从句。
②What he could remember what引导的是主语从句。
3. ① it is our responsibility it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。
②it our responsibility it是形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。
4. There is no doubt that this is the most significant personal experience I have been through. There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，that引导的是同位语从句。
5. Not only can playing ping-pong build up your body but it also shapes your character. not only...位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
V.【语篇解读】本文通过讲述一只北极熊被饿死的事例来引起人们对全球变暖的重视。
1. that　There is little doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。
2. dead　所填词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。
3. starvation　所填词作介词of的宾语，所以用名词形式。
4. an　have an impact on对……有影响。
5. and　根据句意可知，此处表示“和”，所以填and。
6. keeps　主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，所以填keeps。
7. to rise cause sth. to do造成某物做……，所以填to rise。
8. causing　not only...but also...连接两个并列成分，根据下文中的costing可知，此处用动词-ing形式。
9. To reduce 此处作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。
10. our　所填词修饰名词，所以用形容词性物主代词。
VI. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了哥伦比亚的一个环保组织WebConserva帮助和鼓励哥伦比亚农民尝试种植咖啡以保护环境。
1. C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句“Now the group Web- Conserva helps link coffee farmers...they can earn more.”可知，WebConserva帮助咖啡种植者与全国各地的加工商建立联系，故画线词they指的是“咖啡种植者”。
2. D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，WebConserva通过鼓励当地居民种植咖啡以拯救圣卢卡斯未开发利用的地区。
3. A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“‘Cutting down the forest...be a good guard of the land，’he said.”以及第五段最后一句可推知，Arcadio Barajas 和Arnobis Romero都在有责任感的家庭。
4. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，WebConserva有益于生态系统和当地人民的生活。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了西藏自治区有很好的生态监督，生态逐步转好的现象。
5. B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The Tibet Autonomous Region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision.”可知，西藏自治区接近一半的土地被进行了严格的生态监督，而这也是下文主要讲述的事情。
6. C　细节理解题。根据第三段“According to the government work report，the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet’s cities has reached 99.4 percent...”可知，西藏生态保护的积极影响之一是西藏的空气质量得到改善，更多的日子有优质的空气。
7. D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work可知，通过生态保护工作，居民可以赚到额外的钱。
8. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The place where I work is in a no-man’s land，and I think it’s very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities，and we are also bound to take responsibility there...”可知，Kunsang Darje有保护那里的动物的责任感。
VII. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。人们认为越来越多的游客破坏了乞力马扎罗山原有的面貌和美好，但是作者通过自己的经历提出了相反的结论。
1. C　联系下文中的toilets at camps 可知，这里报道的是营地（camp）。
2. D　联系上文中的a clean mountain 可知，营地和路边都有厕所，空格处填with，构成with复合结构。
3. C　上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的（significant）。new 新的；special 特殊的；necessary 有必要的。
4. A　联系前文的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知， 坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效（pay off）。spread out 展开；blow up 爆炸；fade away 逐渐消失。
5. B　联系下文isn’t reaching the top 可知，作者认为乞力马扎 罗山最好的爬山体验（experience）并不是登顶。atmosphere 气氛；experiment 实验；sight 视线。
6. D　联系空后的by many cultures 可知，山在很多文化中被看作是（as）灵魂之地，be regarded as 被看作是。
7. A　结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的go through five ecosystems 可知，这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色（view）在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。quality 品质；reason 原因；purpose 目的。
8. B　联系上文可知，爬山的人（climber）可以经历五种生态系统。scientist 科学家；local 本地人；official 官员。
9. D　联系上文的It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters 可知，热带雨林在3 000 米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。give way to 意为“被……代替”，符合语境。hold on to 坚持；go back to 回到；live up to 不辜负。
10. A　上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的low clouds envelop the mountainsides 可知，在这里气候又发生了变化（change）。clear 清除；improve 改善；permit 允许。
11. C　联系空后的twelve shades of green 可知，作者数出了（count）12 种绿色。
12. B　联系冒号后的gravel，stones and rocks 可知，4 000 米以上是荒漠（desert）。
13. D　上文已经介绍了从山下到山上的四个生态系统，所以 这里说最后（finally）爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。 obviously 明显地；easily 容易地；consequently 因此，所以。
14. A　联系上文的climb into an arctic-like zone 可知，攀登者到了一个像北极的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent 意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。little 少的；fresh 新鲜的；artificial 人造的。
15. B　联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得（deserve）游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？