课时把关练
Part III Using Language
基础知识练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. I asked my niece to f （去拿来）a handkerchief for me from my living room.
2. People who are doing physical l （劳动） here have to wear leather gloves because it is too cold.
3. After entering the room，the old man lit the lamp and began to pace b （向后） and forwards.
4. During the next few months in the city，I began to experience life at a maximum p （速度）.
5. At night，my niece went to bed early because the fuel to light the l （灯） was costly.
6. This test proves the random effect model is s （更好的）to the fixed effect model.
7. According to the rule，the panel is selected at r （随机的）from the representatives.
8. It’s calculated that 150 people is the m （最大极限的）number of meaningful connections anyone can have.
Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空
conflict with，beside the point，have an urge to，take over， be adapted into，remind...of，on the other hand，pros and cons，superior to，turn out
1. Was it in 1948 that the Government the railways in Great Britain
2. They sat for hours debating the of setting up their own firm.
3. It cannot be questioned that the new method is the old one.
4. The fiction a TV series and became a national hot topic for quite some time.
5. My niece’s opinions mine on which major to choose.
6. Write an outline before you start writing the article，or you would easily write something that is .
7. She simply welcomed him and him the last appointment they had made.
8. On the one hand，we should develop our economy； ，we should protect the environment.
9. The games my parents taught me when I was a child to be very useful later in my life.
10. The vacation is coming and my niece travel around the country.
Ⅲ . 单句语法填空
1. The girl’s mother was unable to keep pace with her due illness.
2. Sixty-five may be out of date as the （divide） line between middle age and old age.
3. Just as I bent over to pick up the lever，the machine （explode） behind me.
4. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on lunch.
5. Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
6. In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long my dad went with me.
7. The saleswoman （trick）out of her life savings because of greedy personality.
8. Silk （handkerchief）embroidered by hand sell well in the Western market.
Ⅳ . 练通句型
【一句多译】
1. 他们突然意识到有人在瞧着他们。
① They suddenly .（become aware of）
② They suddenly . （become aware that）
2. 他如此沉浸于书中以至于忽略了周围发生的一切。
① He was that was going on around him. （so...that）
② He was that was going on around him.（so...as to）
3. 有人建议天资好的孩子提前参加考试。
① bright children should take exams early. （suggest，宾语从句）
② bright children should take exams early. （suggest，主语从句）
③ bright children should take exams early.（suggestion，表语从句）
Ⅴ. 微写作
根据下列提示，介绍一下科幻小说《流浪地球》。要求80词左右。
1.《 流浪地球》是中国当代科幻作家刘慈欣的小说。（ science fiction）
2. 它讲述了一个故事，即将消亡的太阳成为地球的主要威胁，人类拯救地球但并没有离开它。（a threat to）
3. 世界各地有强烈求生欲望的人们建造了一个巨大的引擎系统，把地球从即将消亡的太阳那里推开。（urge）
4. 《流浪地球》被认为是一部表现中国人与家园紧密联系的小说。（be regarded as）
句型：“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句
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能力提升练
VI. 课文语法填空
Several operations started my journey in the Time Machine.“How time flies!”can never be too appropriate
1. （describe）the time journey. The laboratory went hazy around me and my niece 2. came in to fetch something moved like a rocket to me. Night and day alternated 3. （frequent）and it felt like 4. （speed）along a winding road. Trees and buildings grew and disappeared in an instant. It
5. （estimate）that I travelled at the rate of hundreds of years per minute.
I was worried that if the Time Machine came to 6. stop and the same space was taken up by something else，there would be a crash and 7. （explode）. But I still stopped all of a sudden and
8. （throw）out of the Time Machine，9. （sit）on the ground beside it in the rain. I jokingly regarded it 10. a friendly welcome to a traveller who had travelled thousands of years to be there!
VII. 阅读理解
A
Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastruc-ture（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastruc-ture. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for rail-ways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks，drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept：the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2. What does“maintenance”underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
3. What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
B
In recent years，Boston Dynamics has become known for two things. One is creating robots whose movements mimic（模仿）humans and animals. Many find their accuracy surprising and concerning. The second reason is posting mysterious videos of these robots online without warning. The videos quickly go popular and spread a mixture of excitement and terror over the rapid rise of self-operating machines.
The company has made four-legged robots in recent years，with names like Spot，WildCat and BigDog. These robots can do tasks such as opening doors，carrying heavy loads and running nearly 20 miles per hour. The company’s most popular product appears to be Atlas，the robotic athlete. It calls Atlas“the world’s most dynamic humanlike robot”.
The robot is guided by 3D vision. It also uses LiDAR，short for Light Detection And Ranging，a sensor（传感器）that uses a laser（激光）to measure the distance between objects. With this technology，the small robot can pull nearly 25 pounds. The company says Atlas can also handle objects in its environment，cross rough land，keep its balance when pushed and get back up when knocked down.
Three years ago，Atlas was recorded clumsily walking through the snow at a slow speed. Curiosity about Atlas increased last year when Boston Dynamics posted a video clip on YouTube. In it，the previously awkward robot went for a jog in a grassy area. The video seemed to surprise many viewers，including the newspaper called Daily Mail. The newspaper was reporting on Atlas’s physical accomplishment at the time.
The paper wrote，“If you thought you’d be able to run away from the terrifying new robots，bad news. ”
5. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Robots mimicking humans and animals go popular.
B. Boston Dynamics is likely to create more new robots.
C. Humanlike robots are developing at a surprising speed.
D. A new video of the latest robots makes people amused.
6. What does the underlined word “awkward” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Dangerous. B. Unskillful. C. Graceful. D. Convenient.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. It’s bad that we can run away from the new robots.
B. People are happy about the improvements of new robots.
C. Humans’ power over machines and robots has come to an end.
D. Improvements to robots raised concern among us humans.
8. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A science magazine. B. An advertisement.
C. Children’s literature. D. A fantasy novel.
VIII.阅读理解七选五
Robot food delivery is becoming more and more popular
The robots were being tested in limited numbers before the pandemic started. 1 Hundreds of little robots are rolling around colleges and cities in the United States，Britain and elsewhere.
“We saw demand for robot usage just go through the ceiling，”said Alastair Westgarth. He is the head of Starship Technologies，whose robots recently made their 2 millionth delivery. Starship has deployed（部署）more than 1，000 robots，up from just 250 in 2019. 2 They are operating in Milton Keynes，England；Modesto，California；and the company’s hometown of Tallinn，Estonia.
The robots use cameras，sensors and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Operators keep watch on several robots at a time， 3 When a robot arrives，people enter a code from their phones to open the robot and get their food.
4 The robots have to be recharged regularly. They are slow and cannot travel far. They will not leave food at the door.
Data company NPD found that U. S. food delivery orders increased 66 percent for the year ending in June. And delivery demand could remain high even after the pandemic， 5
It is the right time and place for companies concerning robots to test them and learn from them and do their own evaluations.
A. There are some limitations for now.
B. Hundreds more will be sent out soon.
C. They are delivering food at 20 U. S. colleges.
D. because people have gotten used to the service.
E. because as the technology gets more popular，the costs will go down.
F. but they say they rarely need to stop or move them around a barrier.
G. But pandemic-related worker shortages and a desire for contactless delivery have expanded their use.
课时把关练
Part III Using Language
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. fetch 2. labour 3. backwards 4. pace 5. lamps 6. superior 7. random 8. maximum
Ⅱ . 1. took over 2. pros and cons 3. superior to 4. was adapted into 5. conflicted with 6. beside the point 7. reminded，of 8. on the other hand 9. turned out 10. has an urge to
Ⅲ . 1. to 句意：这个女孩的母亲因病无法跟上她的步伐。due to 因为。
2. division 句意：65 岁作为中年与老年的分界线可能已经过时了。
3. exploded 句意：正当我弯腰捡操纵杆时，那台机器在我身后爆炸了。
4. to 句意：不知不觉一个小时过去了，到了该吃午饭的时间了。move on（to sth.）开始做（别的事）。
5. whoever 句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，所以用whoever。
6. as 句意：下午，我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马，他说可以， 只要我爸爸和我一起去。as long as 只要。
7. was tricked 句意：由于贪婪的性格，这位女售货员被骗走了一生的积蓄。trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物。
8. handkerchiefs 句意：手绣的丝制手帕在西方市场销路很好。handkerchief 是可数名词，前面没有单数修饰语，所以用复数形式。handkerchief 的复数形式为handkerchiefs。
Ⅳ . 1. ① became aware of people looking at them
② became aware that people were looking at them be/become aware of 和be/become aware that 都是“意识到” 的含义，of 后接名词或动名词，that 后接从句。
2. ① so absorbed in the book that he ignored everything
② so absorbed in the book as to ignore everything so...that 和so...as to 这两个结构都是“ 如此…… 以至于……”的意思。that 后接从句，as to 后接动词原形。
3. ① People suggest that ② It is suggested that
③ People’s suggestion is that suggest 作“建议”讲用在宾语从句和主语从句中时，从句要使用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的构成是“sb. should do sth.”，其中should 可以省略。suggestion 作主语用于表语从句中时，从句也使用虚拟语气，should 也可省略。
Ⅴ. 微写作
One possible version：
The Wandering Earth is a novel by Liu Cixin，China’s contemporary science fiction author. It tells a story in which the dying Sun becomes a major threat to the Earth，but the humans save the Earth without leaving it. People around the world who have a strong urge to survive build a huge engine system to push the Earth away from the dying Sun. The Wandering Earth is regarded as a novel showing tight link between Chinese people and their homeland.
VI. 1. to describe 句意：“时光飞逝！”用来形容这次时光旅程再合适不过了。can never be too + adj. + to do 再怎么样做也不为过，越……越好。
2. who/that 空格处引导定语从句，指人，并在从句中作主语，故用who/that。
3. frequently 副词修饰动词，故填frequently。
4. speeding 句意：……感觉就像是在蜿蜒的道路上加速行驶。feel like 后接动名词作宾语，故填speeding。
5. was estimated It is estimated that...据估计…… it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。结合上下文时态可知，应用一般过去时。
6. a 此处是固定搭配，come to a stop 停止。
7. explosion 冠词a后面应使用名词，explosion n. 爆炸。
8. was thrown 此处是说“我”被甩出时光机，主语I和throw之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；结合上下文时态可知，用一般过去时，故填was thrown。
9. sitting 现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填sitting。
10. as 此处是固定搭配，regard sb./sth. as...将某人/某物看作……
VII.
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。工程师们正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机将在火车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行，可以像副驾驶员一样引导火车前进。
1. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines...”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。A项中power lines是electrical lines的同义替换。
2. C 词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair（检查和维修）”，故选C。
3. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“...detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems.”以及最后一句“...they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.”可知，无人机在铁路引起任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，作出预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。
4. D 标题归纳题。文章开头提出问题：一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？后文通过分段陈述，对这一问题作出了肯定回答。由此可知，文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项是最合适的标题。A项意为“用无人机能检测出什么故障”，B项意为“如何扩大无人机的生产”，C项意为“无人机发展将面临什么困难”。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以波士顿动力公司发明的机器人阿特拉斯为例介绍了类人机器人正以惊人的速度发展。
5. C 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“One is creating robots whose movements mimic humans and animals...the rapid rise of self-operating machines.”可知，本文（以波士顿动力公司发明的机器人阿特拉斯为例）介绍了类人机器人正以惊人的速度发展。故C项正确。
6. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Three years ago，Atlas was recorded clumsily walking through the snow at a slow speed. ”可知，三年前，有记录显示阿特拉斯在雪地里以缓慢的速度笨拙地行走，而在去年波士顿动力公司在YouTube发布的视频里，以前那个笨拙的机器人已经能在草地上慢跑了，由此可知画线词词义为“笨拙的、不灵巧的”。故B项正确。
7. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“The paper wrote，‘If you thought you’d be able to run away from the terrifying new robots，bad news.’”可知，该报纸写道：“如果你认为你能从可怕的新机器人面前逃跑，那你就错了。”terrifying和bad表明机器人的进步引起了人类的担忧。故D项正确。
8. A 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段内容可知，本文以波士顿动力公司发明的机器人阿特拉斯为例介绍了类人机器人正以惊人的速度发展，这属于科学技术范畴，因此文章最有可能出自一本科学杂志。故A项正确。
VIII. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述了机器人送餐越来越流行，新冠疫情后，运送需求仍然很高，人们已经习惯了这项服务。
1. G 根据上下文的逻辑解题。根据上一句“The robots were being tested in limited numbers before the pandemic started.”和下一句“Hundreds of little robots are rolling around colleges and cities in the United States，Britain and elsewhere.”可知，该空应该表达在疫情暴发后送餐机器人需求量激增的原因，因此G选项符合题意。
2. B 根据段落主旨解题。本段主要讲述疫情暴发后人们对送餐机器人的需求激增。根据下文“They are operating in Milton Keynes，England；Modesto，California；and the company’s hometown of Tallinn，Estonia.”可知空格处应表达机器人数量将继续增加，其中hundreds more与空后的They相呼应。
3. F 根据上下文的逻辑关系解题。根据上文“The robots use cameras，sensors and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Operators keep watch on several robots at a time...”可推知，机器人使用的摄像头、传感器和GPS等设备非常灵敏，基本上不需要人为干涉，因此，F选项符合题意。该选项中的but 后的they对应上文中的Operators。
4. A 根据段落主旨解题。根据下文“The robots have to be recharged regularly. They are slow and cannot travel far. They will not leave food at the door.”可知，本段讲送餐机器人的局限性，因此，A选项符合题意。该选项中的limitations呼应下文中的recharged，slow and cannot travel far，will not leave food at the door。
5. D 根据上下文逻辑解题。上文提到And delivery demand could remain high even after the pandemic，空格处承接上文，推知该空应表达在新冠疫情之后，送餐机器人需求量依然很大的原因，因此，D选项符合题意。
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