人教版（新课程标准）高中英语必修五Unit 3 Life in the future Reading

人教版（新课程标准）高中英语必修五Unit 3 Life in the future Reading
一、单词拼写
1．We hired a
local g　 　 to show us around the old city.
2．The special
robot in that film left a deep i　 　 on us.
3．（2017高二上·石嘴山月考）She was always o　 　 , even when things were at their worst.
4．A lot of people
in China starved to death for l　 　 of food in 1942.
5．I can't t　 　 so much noise when I'm doing my homework.
6．Sometimes we
can solve our problems according to our 　 　(先前的) experience.
7．The weather
is a 　 　(时常发生的) topic of conversation
in Britain.
8．There was no
one at the reception desk, so he 　 　(按,压) a bell for service.
9．It's clear that
the twins are quite different in many 　 　(方面).
10．The villagers
decided to search the 　 　(周围的) areas for the
missing boy.
二、短语填空
11．Playing games
on the Internet 　 　(占用) most of his time last term.
12．He 　 　(溜进) the room to look for an old watch that night.
13．He didn't leave
the platform until he 　 　(看不见) her.
14．Our classroom
should be　 　(打扫) after class every day.
15．He　 　(加快速度) the car in order not to be late for the meeting.
16．　 　(缺乏) sleep will severely influence the work in the daytime.
17．We are informed
that David has 　 　(康复) already.
18．　 　(结果), some areas of the world will become highly polluted.
19．The film will
　 　(给……留下深刻印象) everybody who sees it.
20．As soon as
the man got home, he sat down and 　 　(打开) the TV.
三、句型训练
21．他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。(形容词作状语)
He spent seven
days in the wind and snow,　 　.
22．她不再是以前的样子了。(what引导表语从句)
She is no longer
　 　.
23．这个省的东北部坐落着一个小村庄，这个著名的作家就出生在这里。(完全倒装结构)
North-east of
the province 　 　, where the famous
writer was born.
24．说实话，他的坏脾气很难让人容忍。(不定式)
To be honest,
his bad temper is　 　.
25．我们不知道那天什么使得他那么伤心。(what引导名词性从句)
We don't know
　 　that day.
四、单句填空
26．　 　(lack)
time, he didn't go to see his friend while he was in France.
27．（2017高二上·郸城月考）As a candidate, you must make a good 　 　 (impress) on everyone you meet.
28．The man returned
home ten days later, hungry and 　 　(exhaust).
29．At the sight
of the policeman, out 　 　(rush) the thief from behind the door.
30．At last, the
young people reached 　 　was called Anshu Village.
31．When first
　 　(introduce)
to the market, these new products enjoyed a great success.
32．The girl,
almost 　 　(frighten) to death at the sight of
the snake, dared not have a look at it.
33．On her way
to school, the little girl 　 　(constant) goes to see the famous scientist.
34．The school
cannot tolerate 　 　(cheat) in exams.
35．Slide　 　 the water slowly and walk around for a while.
36．（2019高二上·林州月考）Though　 　(lack)money, his parents managed to
send him to a university.
37．Recycling
the textbooks instead of throwing them 　 　is a good idea.
38．We suggest
you (should) switch 　 　your mobile phone before boarding.
39．Since everything
develops, we have to make adjustments 　 　the changing situation.
40．It took me
a few weeks to get used to my new 　 　(surround).
五、课文缩写
41．课文缩写
This is a funny story about a travel to the future.
Li Qiang couldn't believe he had travelled to the year AD 3008 　 　a
time capsule. He had to remind himself 　 　(constant) that it was true. Because
this was his first time trip, he was so worried and unsettled at first 　 　he
suffered from "time lag". The moment he got there, he found the new surroundings
were difficult 　 　(tolerate). Besides, he was hit by a
lack of fresh air. His guide, Wang Ping, who was very understanding, gave him a
mask and hurried him to a small room to rest, which helped him feel 　 　(good)
in no time. After that, he flew above the ground in a hovering carriage 　 　(drive)
by a computer. On the way Li Qiang lost sight of Wang Ping when they reached 　 　looked
like a market because too many carriages flew by in all 　 　(direction). Arriving home,
he 　 　(show) into a large, bright clean room
with a wall of trees. After 　 　(eat) something, he fell fast asleep
in the bed that was produced from the floor.
六、阅读理解
42．阅读理解
We don't know how different our future will be
in the year 2050. We can only try to imagine it.
At first we think about the human relationship.
In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day. We will be making new
friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way.
It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with
people won't be as important as they are today—we will feel a little lonely.
Computers will also help us in many other activities
in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their
learning easier. In addition, there will be much more other machines which will
play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.
Spending holiday will also be completely different.
Travelling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means
of transport will, of course, change, too. We will be using solar-powered cars,
which will be much more environmentally friendly.
We could expect that the faster technological progress
would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn't true. We will pay more attention
to protecting the environment. And, scientists will probably find cures for many
dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as
health will be in better condition.
Although we can't predict the exact changes which
will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our
children's future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we
should be rather sanguine about our future.
We should be happy and believe good things will happen.
（1）Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050
A．Because the number of people will become much smaller.
B．Because people won't communicate with each other much often.
C．Because people won't like making friends with each other.
D．Because there will be less face-to-face communication.
（2）The underlined word "sanguine" in the last paragraph most probably means " ".
A．optimistic B．disappointed C．surprised D．curious
（3）What does the passage mainly talk about
A．What high technology will appear in the year 2050.
B．How people will communicate in the year 2050.
C．What our life will be like in the year 2050.
D．How people will travel and spend their holidays in the year 2050.
43．阅读理解
As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly
sophisticated(复杂的), there are growing concerns that robots could become
a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science Professor Stuart
Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated
tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the
house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the
hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,"
said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human
values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance
from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to
another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think
that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated
moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns
from large sets of data on human behaviour. They are dangerous only if programmers
are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human
values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they've produced a
system that will break some kind of taboos(禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to
check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable
for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure
about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will
be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical
rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
（1）How do robots learn human values
A．By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B．By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C．By picking up patterns from massive data on human behaviour.
D．By imitating the behaviour of property brought-up human beings.
（2）What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation
A．keep a distance from possible dangers.
B．Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C．Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D．Do sufficient testing before taking action.
（3）What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code
A．Determine what is moral and ethical.
B．Design some large-scale experiments.
C．Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D．Develop a more sophisticated program.
44．阅读理解
Many automobile makers present their newest designs
at car shows around the world. Many designers seek to create the car of the future.
One device that is popular among car manufacturers(生产商) is an autopilot. Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human
control.
A recent car show in Geneva, Switzerland also presented
other possible designs, including cars manufactured in 3-D printers.
Rinspeed is a Swiss design company. It showed a
vehicle based on the US electric car Tesla Model S, but the Rinspeed car includes
a large television and an espresso coffee maker.
Frank Rinderknecht is the CEO of Rinspeed. He says
he does not want to just sit and watch the steering wheel(方向盘) turn as he rides in a car with autopilot.
"I want to ride; I want to sleep, relax, watch
movies, news, anything else. So that's the vision which we have. One day on the
boring motorway traffic, you just do anything which makes your life better,"
said Rinderknecht.
One of the most interesting ideas presented at
the show is a car built on a 3-D printer. The German engineering firm EDAG designed
the car. The body of the vehicle called "Genesis" is printed in one piece
from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料).
Christoph Horvath is spokesman for EDAG.
"To create a car without the use of any tool.
This would be a real revolution for the industry," said Horvath.
EDAG says it based its design on a turtle shell.
The company says the design provides the right amount of strength and firmness.
Other automakers did not look so far into the future.
Czech automaker Skoda presented its "Vision C" model vehicle. The car
has an environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
Jo Davidson is a company spokeswoman. She says
the car releases very low levels of the pollutant gas CO2. Ms Davidson
says the "Vision C" plans to be launched in two years.
（1）Why is an autopilot popular among car manufacturers
A．Because it can get a car to drive itself.
B．Because it can make a car more modern.
C．Because it may let a car fly in the sky freely.
D．Because it has a car moving in a particular direction.
（2）What is the common feature of the cars
A．They are all made from thermoplastic.
B．They all belong to the cars of the future.
C．All the designs are based on a turtle shell.
D．They have environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
（3）Where can we most probably read this text
A．In an economic report. B．In a short story.
C．In a travel magazine. D．In a technology report.
（4）What do we know about the vehicle called "Genesis"
A．It is designed by the American engineering firm.
B．The body of the vehicle is built on a 3-D printer.
C．Frank Rinderknecht is the designer of the car.
D．The car was mainly made from the turtle shell.
七、语法填空
45．语法填空
One day, a father and his son were walking with
their horse. An old man saw them and said, "You 　 　(suppose) to ride a horse,
not to walk it!" The father then put his son on the horse.
Soon they passed a group of people, 　 　said,
"That's a lazy boy! He gets to ride the horse while his father walks."
The father decided to take his son off and get on the horse himself. 　 　they
kept going, they came upon two 　 　(passer-by). One said, "You are
a 　 　(self) man! Your son has to walk while
you get to ride!" The man then reached down and put his son on the horse with
him.　 　a while, they entered a town. Everyone started to laugh at them,　 　(say),
"You are too heavy for that horse!" The father and his son didn't know
what 　 　(do).
Finally, they decided to carry the horse. When
they came to a bridge, the horse 　 　(fall) to the water. "If you try
to please 　 　," the father told his son, "in
the end, you will please no one." Then they went home.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】guide
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们雇了一个当地导游带我们参观老城。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填guide。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
2．【答案】impression
【知识点】固定短语；名词
【解析】【分析】句意：那部电影里的特殊机器人，给我们留下了深刻的印象。 leave a deep impression on固定短语，“给......留下深刻的印象”，故填 impression 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语 leave a deep impression on。
3．【答案】optimistic
【知识点】单词拼写
【解析】【分析】句意：她总是很乐观，甚至当事情已经特别糟糕时。optimistic 根据句意可知这里用optimistic（乐观的）。
【点评】考查形容词。根据句意判断词义，根据句子成分判断词性，根据首字母确定单词。
4．【答案】lack
【知识点】固定短语；名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在1942年中国有很多人因为缺少食物而饿死。for lack of固定短语，“缺乏”，故填lack。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语for lack of。
5．【答案】tolerate
【知识点】动词
【解析】【分析】句意：我做作业的时候不能忍受这么大的噪音。情态动词后接动词原形，故填tolerate。
【点评】考查动词，本题涉及tolerate的应用。
6．【答案】previous
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：有时候我们可以根据以前的经验来解决问题。形容词修饰名词作定语，故填previous。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
7．【答案】constant
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：天气是英国人经常谈论的话题。形容词修饰名词作定语，故填constant。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
8．【答案】pressed
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：接待处没有人，所以他按了门铃。根据There was no one at the reception desk 的时态，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填pressed。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
9．【答案】aspects
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：很明显，这对双胞胎在很多方面都不一样。many后饥饿可数名词复数，故填aspects。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
10．【答案】surrounding
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：村民们决定在周围地区寻找失踪的男孩。形容词修饰名词作定语，故填surrounding 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
11．【答案】took up
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：上学期他大部分时间都在网上玩游戏。take up固定短语，“占据”，根据时间状语last term，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填took up。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语take up。
12．【答案】slid into
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：那天晚上他溜进房间去找一块旧表。slide into 固定短语，“溜进”，再结合时间状语that night，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填slid into 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语slide into。
13．【答案】lost sight of
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：直到看不见她，他才离开站台。lose sight of固定短语，“看不见，忽视”，根据he didn't leave the platform的时态，可知用一般过去时，故填lost sight of。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语lose sight of。
14．【答案】swept up
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的教室每天下课后都应该打扫干净。sweep up固定短语，“ 打扫，清扫”，根据汉语以及空前的be，可知应用被动语态，故填swept up。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及被动语态以及固定短语sweep up。
15．【答案】sped up
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：为了开会不迟到，他加快了车速。speed up 固定短语，“加速”，根据句意可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填sped up。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语speed up。
16．【答案】Lack of
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：睡眠不足会严重影响白天的工作。lack of 固定短语，“缺乏”，故填Lack of 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语lack of 。
17．【答案】been back on his feet
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：我们得知David 已经恢复健康。 be back on one's feet固定短语，“恢复，完全复原”。根据空前的has可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，故填 been back on his feet。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时以及固定短语be back on one's feet。
18．【答案】As a result
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：结果，世界上的一些地区将会受到严重污染。as a result固定短语，“结果”，介词短语作状语，故填As a result。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语as a result。
19．【答案】make a deep impression on
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：这部电影会给每个看过的人留下深刻的印象。make a deep impression on 固定短语，“给……留下深刻印象”，will后接动词原形，故填make a deep impression on。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般将来时和固定短语make a deep impression on。
20．【答案】switched on
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：那个人一回到家，就坐下来打开电视。 switch on固定短语，“打开”，结合 he sat down的时态，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填switched on。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语switch on。
21．【答案】cold and hungry
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】cold and hungry“又冷又饿”，此处形容词作状语，故填cold and hungry。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及形容词作状语。
22．【答案】what she used to be
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】used to 固定短语，“过去常常”，根据汉语提示此处是what引导的表语从句，因此答案为what she used to be。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及what引导的表语从句。
23．【答案】lies a small village
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，这是一个完全倒装句，主语是a small village，因此答案为lies a small village。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及完全倒装。
24．【答案】difficult to tolerate
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】此句是sth. is +形容词+to do句式，因此答案为difficult to tolerate。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定句式“sth. is +形容词+to do”。
25．【答案】what made him so sad
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】make sb. adj固定短语，“使某人......”，根据汉语提示这是一个宾语从句，因此答案为what made him so sad。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
26．【答案】Lacking
【知识点】动词现在分词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：时间不多了，他在法国的时候没去看他的朋友。lack与he在逻辑上构成主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作原因状语，故填Lacking。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作原因状语。
27．【答案】impression
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为候选人，你必须要给每一个你要见的人留下好印象。此处填名词作宾语，故填impression。
【点评】此题考查make an impression on的固定搭配。答好此题只需正确写出impress的名词形式即可。
28．【答案】exhausted
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：他十天后回到家，又饿又累，此空与hungry并列，作状语，故填exhausted。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作状语。
29．【答案】rushed
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：一看到警察，小偷从门后冲了出来。这是一个全部倒装句，根据句意可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填rushed。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
30．【答案】what
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：最后，年轻人来到了所谓的安舒村。 was called Anshu Village是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词what。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
31．【答案】introduced
【知识点】非谓语动词；动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：这些新产品刚投放市场时，取得了巨大的成功。introduce和these new products在逻辑上构成动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作时间状语，故填introduced。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作时间状语。
32．【答案】frightened
【知识点】以-ed结尾的形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：那个女孩，看到蛇差点被吓死，连看都不敢看。此处形容词短语作定语，指人，故填frightened。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词短语作定语。
33．【答案】constantly
【知识点】副词
【解析】【分析】句意：在她去学校的路上，这个小女孩经常去看那位著名的科学家。副词修饰谓语动词作状语，故填constantly。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
34．【答案】cheating
【知识点】动名词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：学校不能容忍考试作弊。 tolerate doing固定短语“忍受做.......”，故填cheating。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语，以及固定短语 tolerate doing。
35．【答案】into
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：慢慢地滑入水中，四处走走。slide into固定短语，“滑入，溜进”，故填into。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语slide into。
36．【答案】lacking
【知识点】动词现在分词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。本句为状语从句的省略，在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句中parents与lack为主动关系，故填lacking。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作状语。
37．【答案】away
【知识点】固定短语；副词
【解析】【分析】句意：回收教科书而不是扔掉是个好主意。throw away固定短语，“扔掉”，故填away。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语throw away。
38．【答案】off
【知识点】固定短语；副词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们建议您登机前关掉手机。switch off固定短语，“关闭，关掉”，故填off。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语switch off。
39．【答案】to
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：一切都在发展，我们必须适应不断变化的形势。make adjustments to 固定短语，“适应，调整”，故填to。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语make adjustments to。
40．【答案】surroundings
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我花了几个星期来适应新环境。形容词性物主代词后接名词，故填surroundings。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
41．【答案】in；constantly；that；to tolerate；better；driven；what；directions；was shown；eating
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了李强的一次旅游经历，途中遇到一些问题，但是在导游的帮助下，很好地解决了。到家后，吃了点东西，他很快睡觉了。
（1）考查介词。句意：李强简直不敢相信他乘坐时间舱来到了公元3008年。in a time capsule“坐时间舱”，介词短语作状语，故填in。
（2）考查副词。句意：他不得不时常提醒自己，这是真的。副词修饰谓语动词作状语，故填constantly。
（3）考查状语从句。句意：因为这是第一次旅行，他一开始非常担心和不安以至于患上了“时间滞后症”so...that...固定短语，“如此......以至于......”，引导结果状语从句，故填that。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：一到达那里，他发现新环境很难忍受。当不定式做补语的时候，如果前面的形容词是easy, difficult, hard等的时候，后面使用不定式的主动形式，故填to tolerate。
（5）考查形容词。句意：他的向导，王平，非常善解人意，给了他一个面具，催促他到一个小房间休息，让他很快就感觉好多了。此处形容词作表语，故填better。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，他乘坐由电脑驱动的悬浮马车飞离地面。a hovering carriage和 drive在逻辑上构成动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作定语，故填driven。
（7）考查宾语从句。句意：途中当他们到达一个看起来像市场的地方时，李强看不见王平，因为太多的马车从四面八方飞过。reached后是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句。故选what。
（8）考查名词。句意：途中当他们到达一个看起来像市场的地方时，李强看不见王平，因为太多的马车从四面八方飞过。in all directions固定短语，“来自四面八方”，故填directions。
（9）考查时态语态。句意：回到家，他被带到一个宽敞，明亮，干净的房间，房间里有一面树墙。谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was shown。
（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：吃完东西后，他在地板上的床上睡着了。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。
【点评】本题考点涉及介词，副词，状语从句。非谓语动词，形容词，宾语从句，名词以及时态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
42．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
【知识点】主旨大意；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从交流、旅游和环境等方面预测了2050年我们的生活会是什么样子。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We will be making new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way.”可知,人们将更多地通过网络交流,人与人之间会因缺乏面对面交流而感到孤独。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“ We should be happy and believe good things will happen.”我们应该高兴,并且相信好的事情将会发生,可知sanguine意为“乐观的”。故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文在第一段引出话题。下文介绍了在2050年生活中的几个大的变化。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
43．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【知识点】细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文，介绍了如何在智能机器人中加入人类的道德判断,让机器人更好地为人类服务。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behaviour.”机器人也可以从关于人类行为的数据中去学习人类价值,故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human.”如果机器人不确定动物是否适合微波炉，它有机会停下来，发出哔哔声，向人类寻求指导。可知选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The most difficult step in programming…deciding exactly what we believe in moral,and how to create a set of ethical rules.” 最难的一步是定义什么是道德,并且怎样去制定一系列的道德准则。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
44．【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了日内瓦车展展示出来的未来之车的特点。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.”自动驾驶仪允许汽车在没有人控制的情况下自动驾驶。可知选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Many designers seek to create the car of the future.”许多设计师试图创造未来的汽车。以及最后一段中的“Ms Davidson says the 'Vision C' plans to be launched in two years.”Davidson 女士说“ vision c”计划在两年内发射。可知选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A recent car show in Geneva, Switzerland also presented other possible designs, including cars manufactured in 3-D printers.”最近在日内瓦举办的车展，瑞士还展示了其他可能的设计，包括用3D打印机制造的汽车。可知,该篇文章主要介绍了日内瓦的车展。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“The body of the vehicle called 'Genesis' is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料).”这辆车的车身叫做“创世纪”是用一种叫做热塑性塑料的材料整体打印出来的，可知选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
45．【答案】are supposed；who；As/When；passers-by；selfish；After；saying；to do；fell；everyone
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述一对父子在路上无论是骑马还是拉着马都会有人指指点点,最后这位父亲意识到我们应该做好自己,而不是一味地讨好每个人。
（1）考查时态语态。be supposed to固定短语，“应该……,”;又因主语是you,故填are supposed。
（2）考查定语从句。who在定语从句中作关系代词,引导后面的定语从句。分析该句,后面定语从句的主语为“a group of people”,应用who来引导,故填who。
（3）考查状语从句。 分析句子“…they kept going, they came upon two…”可知“…they kept going…”是整个句子的状语,由上下文可知此处是时间状语从句,又因keep是延续性动词,故as/when 都可以,故填 As/When。
（4）考查名词。此空为名词,此空前的two表示该空应是复数形式,故填 passers-by。
（5）考查形容词。“You are a…man!”分析句子,主语前缺少修饰成分,故填selfish。
（6）考查介词。after a while 固定短语，“过了一会儿”，故填After。
（7）考查非谓语动词。“Everyone started to laugh at them…'You are too heavy for that horse!'”主语everyone与say是主动关系,故填saying。
（8）考查非谓语动词。“The father and his son didn't know what…”分析句子,what作know的宾语,而此处需要动词不定式作后置定语修饰what,故填to do。
（9）考查时态。 “When they came to a bridge, the horse…to the water.”分析该句,该句时态为一般过去时,故应填动词的过去式,故填fell。
（10）考查代词。 “If you try to please…”与后文“…in the end, you will please no one.”相呼应，此空与no one形成对比,故填everyone。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，定语从句，状语从句，名词，形容词，介词，非谓语动词，时态以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
人教版（新课程标准）高中英语必修五Unit 3 Life in the future Reading
一、单词拼写
1．We hired a
local g　 　 to show us around the old city.
【答案】guide
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们雇了一个当地导游带我们参观老城。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填guide。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
2．The special
robot in that film left a deep i　 　 on us.
【答案】impression
【知识点】固定短语；名词
【解析】【分析】句意：那部电影里的特殊机器人，给我们留下了深刻的印象。 leave a deep impression on固定短语，“给......留下深刻的印象”，故填 impression 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语 leave a deep impression on。
3．（2017高二上·石嘴山月考）She was always o　 　 , even when things were at their worst.
【答案】optimistic
【知识点】单词拼写
【解析】【分析】句意：她总是很乐观，甚至当事情已经特别糟糕时。optimistic 根据句意可知这里用optimistic（乐观的）。
【点评】考查形容词。根据句意判断词义，根据句子成分判断词性，根据首字母确定单词。
4．A lot of people
in China starved to death for l　 　 of food in 1942.
【答案】lack
【知识点】固定短语；名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在1942年中国有很多人因为缺少食物而饿死。for lack of固定短语，“缺乏”，故填lack。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语for lack of。
5．I can't t　 　 so much noise when I'm doing my homework.
【答案】tolerate
【知识点】动词
【解析】【分析】句意：我做作业的时候不能忍受这么大的噪音。情态动词后接动词原形，故填tolerate。
【点评】考查动词，本题涉及tolerate的应用。
6．Sometimes we
can solve our problems according to our 　 　(先前的) experience.
【答案】previous
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：有时候我们可以根据以前的经验来解决问题。形容词修饰名词作定语，故填previous。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
7．The weather
is a 　 　(时常发生的) topic of conversation
in Britain.
【答案】constant
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：天气是英国人经常谈论的话题。形容词修饰名词作定语，故填constant。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
8．There was no
one at the reception desk, so he 　 　(按,压) a bell for service.
【答案】pressed
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：接待处没有人，所以他按了门铃。根据There was no one at the reception desk 的时态，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填pressed。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
9．It's clear that
the twins are quite different in many 　 　(方面).
【答案】aspects
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：很明显，这对双胞胎在很多方面都不一样。many后饥饿可数名词复数，故填aspects。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
10．The villagers
decided to search the 　 　(周围的) areas for the
missing boy.
【答案】surrounding
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：村民们决定在周围地区寻找失踪的男孩。形容词修饰名词作定语，故填surrounding 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
二、短语填空
11．Playing games
on the Internet 　 　(占用) most of his time last term.
【答案】took up
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：上学期他大部分时间都在网上玩游戏。take up固定短语，“占据”，根据时间状语last term，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填took up。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语take up。
12．He 　 　(溜进) the room to look for an old watch that night.
【答案】slid into
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：那天晚上他溜进房间去找一块旧表。slide into 固定短语，“溜进”，再结合时间状语that night，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填slid into 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语slide into。
13．He didn't leave
the platform until he 　 　(看不见) her.
【答案】lost sight of
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：直到看不见她，他才离开站台。lose sight of固定短语，“看不见，忽视”，根据he didn't leave the platform的时态，可知用一般过去时，故填lost sight of。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语lose sight of。
14．Our classroom
should be　 　(打扫) after class every day.
【答案】swept up
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的教室每天下课后都应该打扫干净。sweep up固定短语，“ 打扫，清扫”，根据汉语以及空前的be，可知应用被动语态，故填swept up。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及被动语态以及固定短语sweep up。
15．He　 　(加快速度) the car in order not to be late for the meeting.
【答案】sped up
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：为了开会不迟到，他加快了车速。speed up 固定短语，“加速”，根据句意可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填sped up。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语speed up。
16．　 　(缺乏) sleep will severely influence the work in the daytime.
【答案】Lack of
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：睡眠不足会严重影响白天的工作。lack of 固定短语，“缺乏”，故填Lack of 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语lack of 。
17．We are informed
that David has 　 　(康复) already.
【答案】been back on his feet
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：我们得知David 已经恢复健康。 be back on one's feet固定短语，“恢复，完全复原”。根据空前的has可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，故填 been back on his feet。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时以及固定短语be back on one's feet。
18．　 　(结果), some areas of the world will become highly polluted.
【答案】As a result
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：结果，世界上的一些地区将会受到严重污染。as a result固定短语，“结果”，介词短语作状语，故填As a result。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语as a result。
19．The film will
　 　(给……留下深刻印象) everybody who sees it.
【答案】make a deep impression on
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：这部电影会给每个看过的人留下深刻的印象。make a deep impression on 固定短语，“给……留下深刻印象”，will后接动词原形，故填make a deep impression on。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般将来时和固定短语make a deep impression on。
20．As soon as
the man got home, he sat down and 　 　(打开) the TV.
【答案】switched on
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：那个人一回到家，就坐下来打开电视。 switch on固定短语，“打开”，结合 he sat down的时态，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填switched on。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和固定短语switch on。
三、句型训练
21．他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。(形容词作状语)
He spent seven
days in the wind and snow,　 　.
【答案】cold and hungry
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】cold and hungry“又冷又饿”，此处形容词作状语，故填cold and hungry。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及形容词作状语。
22．她不再是以前的样子了。(what引导表语从句)
She is no longer
　 　.
【答案】what she used to be
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】used to 固定短语，“过去常常”，根据汉语提示此处是what引导的表语从句，因此答案为what she used to be。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及what引导的表语从句。
23．这个省的东北部坐落着一个小村庄，这个著名的作家就出生在这里。(完全倒装结构)
North-east of
the province 　 　, where the famous
writer was born.
【答案】lies a small village
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，这是一个完全倒装句，主语是a small village，因此答案为lies a small village。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及完全倒装。
24．说实话，他的坏脾气很难让人容忍。(不定式)
To be honest,
his bad temper is　 　.
【答案】difficult to tolerate
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】此句是sth. is +形容词+to do句式，因此答案为difficult to tolerate。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定句式“sth. is +形容词+to do”。
25．我们不知道那天什么使得他那么伤心。(what引导名词性从句)
We don't know
　 　that day.
【答案】what made him so sad
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】make sb. adj固定短语，“使某人......”，根据汉语提示这是一个宾语从句，因此答案为what made him so sad。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
四、单句填空
26．　 　(lack)
time, he didn't go to see his friend while he was in France.
【答案】Lacking
【知识点】动词现在分词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：时间不多了，他在法国的时候没去看他的朋友。lack与he在逻辑上构成主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作原因状语，故填Lacking。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作原因状语。
27．（2017高二上·郸城月考）As a candidate, you must make a good 　 　 (impress) on everyone you meet.
【答案】impression
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为候选人，你必须要给每一个你要见的人留下好印象。此处填名词作宾语，故填impression。
【点评】此题考查make an impression on的固定搭配。答好此题只需正确写出impress的名词形式即可。
28．The man returned
home ten days later, hungry and 　 　(exhaust).
【答案】exhausted
【知识点】形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：他十天后回到家，又饿又累，此空与hungry并列，作状语，故填exhausted。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作状语。
29．At the sight
of the policeman, out 　 　(rush) the thief from behind the door.
【答案】rushed
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：一看到警察，小偷从门后冲了出来。这是一个全部倒装句，根据句意可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填rushed。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
30．At last, the
young people reached 　 　was called Anshu Village.
【答案】what
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：最后，年轻人来到了所谓的安舒村。 was called Anshu Village是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词what。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
31．When first
　 　(introduce)
to the market, these new products enjoyed a great success.
【答案】introduced
【知识点】非谓语动词；动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：这些新产品刚投放市场时，取得了巨大的成功。introduce和these new products在逻辑上构成动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作时间状语，故填introduced。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作时间状语。
32．The girl,
almost 　 　(frighten) to death at the sight of
the snake, dared not have a look at it.
【答案】frightened
【知识点】以-ed结尾的形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：那个女孩，看到蛇差点被吓死，连看都不敢看。此处形容词短语作定语，指人，故填frightened。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词短语作定语。
33．On her way
to school, the little girl 　 　(constant) goes to see the famous scientist.
【答案】constantly
【知识点】副词
【解析】【分析】句意：在她去学校的路上，这个小女孩经常去看那位著名的科学家。副词修饰谓语动词作状语，故填constantly。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
34．The school
cannot tolerate 　 　(cheat) in exams.
【答案】cheating
【知识点】动名词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：学校不能容忍考试作弊。 tolerate doing固定短语“忍受做.......”，故填cheating。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语，以及固定短语 tolerate doing。
35．Slide　 　 the water slowly and walk around for a while.
【答案】into
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：慢慢地滑入水中，四处走走。slide into固定短语，“滑入，溜进”，故填into。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语slide into。
36．（2019高二上·林州月考）Though　 　(lack)money, his parents managed to
send him to a university.
【答案】lacking
【知识点】动词现在分词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。本句为状语从句的省略，在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句中parents与lack为主动关系，故填lacking。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作状语。
37．Recycling
the textbooks instead of throwing them 　 　is a good idea.
【答案】away
【知识点】固定短语；副词
【解析】【分析】句意：回收教科书而不是扔掉是个好主意。throw away固定短语，“扔掉”，故填away。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语throw away。
38．We suggest
you (should) switch 　 　your mobile phone before boarding.
【答案】off
【知识点】固定短语；副词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们建议您登机前关掉手机。switch off固定短语，“关闭，关掉”，故填off。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语switch off。
39．Since everything
develops, we have to make adjustments 　 　the changing situation.
【答案】to
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：一切都在发展，我们必须适应不断变化的形势。make adjustments to 固定短语，“适应，调整”，故填to。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语make adjustments to。
40．It took me
a few weeks to get used to my new 　 　(surround).
【答案】surroundings
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我花了几个星期来适应新环境。形容词性物主代词后接名词，故填surroundings。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
五、课文缩写
41．课文缩写
This is a funny story about a travel to the future.
Li Qiang couldn't believe he had travelled to the year AD 3008 　 　a
time capsule. He had to remind himself 　 　(constant) that it was true. Because
this was his first time trip, he was so worried and unsettled at first 　 　he
suffered from "time lag". The moment he got there, he found the new surroundings
were difficult 　 　(tolerate). Besides, he was hit by a
lack of fresh air. His guide, Wang Ping, who was very understanding, gave him a
mask and hurried him to a small room to rest, which helped him feel 　 　(good)
in no time. After that, he flew above the ground in a hovering carriage 　 　(drive)
by a computer. On the way Li Qiang lost sight of Wang Ping when they reached 　 　looked
like a market because too many carriages flew by in all 　 　(direction). Arriving home,
he 　 　(show) into a large, bright clean room
with a wall of trees. After 　 　(eat) something, he fell fast asleep
in the bed that was produced from the floor.
【答案】in；constantly；that；to tolerate；better；driven；what；directions；was shown；eating
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了李强的一次旅游经历，途中遇到一些问题，但是在导游的帮助下，很好地解决了。到家后，吃了点东西，他很快睡觉了。
（1）考查介词。句意：李强简直不敢相信他乘坐时间舱来到了公元3008年。in a time capsule“坐时间舱”，介词短语作状语，故填in。
（2）考查副词。句意：他不得不时常提醒自己，这是真的。副词修饰谓语动词作状语，故填constantly。
（3）考查状语从句。句意：因为这是第一次旅行，他一开始非常担心和不安以至于患上了“时间滞后症”so...that...固定短语，“如此......以至于......”，引导结果状语从句，故填that。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：一到达那里，他发现新环境很难忍受。当不定式做补语的时候，如果前面的形容词是easy, difficult, hard等的时候，后面使用不定式的主动形式，故填to tolerate。
（5）考查形容词。句意：他的向导，王平，非常善解人意，给了他一个面具，催促他到一个小房间休息，让他很快就感觉好多了。此处形容词作表语，故填better。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，他乘坐由电脑驱动的悬浮马车飞离地面。a hovering carriage和 drive在逻辑上构成动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作定语，故填driven。
（7）考查宾语从句。句意：途中当他们到达一个看起来像市场的地方时，李强看不见王平，因为太多的马车从四面八方飞过。reached后是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句。故选what。
（8）考查名词。句意：途中当他们到达一个看起来像市场的地方时，李强看不见王平，因为太多的马车从四面八方飞过。in all directions固定短语，“来自四面八方”，故填directions。
（9）考查时态语态。句意：回到家，他被带到一个宽敞，明亮，干净的房间，房间里有一面树墙。谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was shown。
（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：吃完东西后，他在地板上的床上睡着了。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。
【点评】本题考点涉及介词，副词，状语从句。非谓语动词，形容词，宾语从句，名词以及时态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
六、阅读理解
42．阅读理解
We don't know how different our future will be
in the year 2050. We can only try to imagine it.
At first we think about the human relationship.
In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day. We will be making new
friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way.
It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with
people won't be as important as they are today—we will feel a little lonely.
Computers will also help us in many other activities
in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their
learning easier. In addition, there will be much more other machines which will
play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.
Spending holiday will also be completely different.
Travelling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means
of transport will, of course, change, too. We will be using solar-powered cars,
which will be much more environmentally friendly.
We could expect that the faster technological progress
would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn't true. We will pay more attention
to protecting the environment. And, scientists will probably find cures for many
dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as
health will be in better condition.
Although we can't predict the exact changes which
will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our
children's future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we
should be rather sanguine about our future.
We should be happy and believe good things will happen.
（1）Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050
A．Because the number of people will become much smaller.
B．Because people won't communicate with each other much often.
C．Because people won't like making friends with each other.
D．Because there will be less face-to-face communication.
（2）The underlined word "sanguine" in the last paragraph most probably means " ".
A．optimistic B．disappointed C．surprised D．curious
（3）What does the passage mainly talk about
A．What high technology will appear in the year 2050.
B．How people will communicate in the year 2050.
C．What our life will be like in the year 2050.
D．How people will travel and spend their holidays in the year 2050.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
【知识点】主旨大意；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从交流、旅游和环境等方面预测了2050年我们的生活会是什么样子。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We will be making new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way.”可知,人们将更多地通过网络交流,人与人之间会因缺乏面对面交流而感到孤独。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“ We should be happy and believe good things will happen.”我们应该高兴,并且相信好的事情将会发生,可知sanguine意为“乐观的”。故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文在第一段引出话题。下文介绍了在2050年生活中的几个大的变化。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
43．阅读理解
As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly
sophisticated(复杂的), there are growing concerns that robots could become
a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science Professor Stuart
Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated
tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the
house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the
hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,"
said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human
values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance
from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to
another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think
that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated
moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns
from large sets of data on human behaviour. They are dangerous only if programmers
are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human
values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they've produced a
system that will break some kind of taboos(禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to
check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable
for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure
about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will
be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical
rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
（1）How do robots learn human values
A．By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B．By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C．By picking up patterns from massive data on human behaviour.
D．By imitating the behaviour of property brought-up human beings.
（2）What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation
A．keep a distance from possible dangers.
B．Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C．Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D．Do sufficient testing before taking action.
（3）What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code
A．Determine what is moral and ethical.
B．Design some large-scale experiments.
C．Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D．Develop a more sophisticated program.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【知识点】细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文，介绍了如何在智能机器人中加入人类的道德判断,让机器人更好地为人类服务。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behaviour.”机器人也可以从关于人类行为的数据中去学习人类价值,故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human.”如果机器人不确定动物是否适合微波炉，它有机会停下来，发出哔哔声，向人类寻求指导。可知选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The most difficult step in programming…deciding exactly what we believe in moral,and how to create a set of ethical rules.” 最难的一步是定义什么是道德,并且怎样去制定一系列的道德准则。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
44．阅读理解
Many automobile makers present their newest designs
at car shows around the world. Many designers seek to create the car of the future.
One device that is popular among car manufacturers(生产商) is an autopilot. Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human
control.
A recent car show in Geneva, Switzerland also presented
other possible designs, including cars manufactured in 3-D printers.
Rinspeed is a Swiss design company. It showed a
vehicle based on the US electric car Tesla Model S, but the Rinspeed car includes
a large television and an espresso coffee maker.
Frank Rinderknecht is the CEO of Rinspeed. He says
he does not want to just sit and watch the steering wheel(方向盘) turn as he rides in a car with autopilot.
"I want to ride; I want to sleep, relax, watch
movies, news, anything else. So that's the vision which we have. One day on the
boring motorway traffic, you just do anything which makes your life better,"
said Rinderknecht.
One of the most interesting ideas presented at
the show is a car built on a 3-D printer. The German engineering firm EDAG designed
the car. The body of the vehicle called "Genesis" is printed in one piece
from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料).
Christoph Horvath is spokesman for EDAG.
"To create a car without the use of any tool.
This would be a real revolution for the industry," said Horvath.
EDAG says it based its design on a turtle shell.
The company says the design provides the right amount of strength and firmness.
Other automakers did not look so far into the future.
Czech automaker Skoda presented its "Vision C" model vehicle. The car
has an environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
Jo Davidson is a company spokeswoman. She says
the car releases very low levels of the pollutant gas CO2. Ms Davidson
says the "Vision C" plans to be launched in two years.
（1）Why is an autopilot popular among car manufacturers
A．Because it can get a car to drive itself.
B．Because it can make a car more modern.
C．Because it may let a car fly in the sky freely.
D．Because it has a car moving in a particular direction.
（2）What is the common feature of the cars
A．They are all made from thermoplastic.
B．They all belong to the cars of the future.
C．All the designs are based on a turtle shell.
D．They have environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
（3）Where can we most probably read this text
A．In an economic report. B．In a short story.
C．In a travel magazine. D．In a technology report.
（4）What do we know about the vehicle called "Genesis"
A．It is designed by the American engineering firm.
B．The body of the vehicle is built on a 3-D printer.
C．Frank Rinderknecht is the designer of the car.
D．The car was mainly made from the turtle shell.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了日内瓦车展展示出来的未来之车的特点。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.”自动驾驶仪允许汽车在没有人控制的情况下自动驾驶。可知选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Many designers seek to create the car of the future.”许多设计师试图创造未来的汽车。以及最后一段中的“Ms Davidson says the 'Vision C' plans to be launched in two years.”Davidson 女士说“ vision c”计划在两年内发射。可知选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A recent car show in Geneva, Switzerland also presented other possible designs, including cars manufactured in 3-D printers.”最近在日内瓦举办的车展，瑞士还展示了其他可能的设计，包括用3D打印机制造的汽车。可知,该篇文章主要介绍了日内瓦的车展。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“The body of the vehicle called 'Genesis' is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料).”这辆车的车身叫做“创世纪”是用一种叫做热塑性塑料的材料整体打印出来的，可知选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
七、语法填空
45．语法填空
One day, a father and his son were walking with
their horse. An old man saw them and said, "You 　 　(suppose) to ride a horse,
not to walk it!" The father then put his son on the horse.
Soon they passed a group of people, 　 　said,
"That's a lazy boy! He gets to ride the horse while his father walks."
The father decided to take his son off and get on the horse himself. 　 　they
kept going, they came upon two 　 　(passer-by). One said, "You are
a 　 　(self) man! Your son has to walk while
you get to ride!" The man then reached down and put his son on the horse with
him.　 　a while, they entered a town. Everyone started to laugh at them,　 　(say),
"You are too heavy for that horse!" The father and his son didn't know
what 　 　(do).
Finally, they decided to carry the horse. When
they came to a bridge, the horse 　 　(fall) to the water. "If you try
to please 　 　," the father told his son, "in
the end, you will please no one." Then they went home.
【答案】are supposed；who；As/When；passers-by；selfish；After；saying；to do；fell；everyone
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述一对父子在路上无论是骑马还是拉着马都会有人指指点点,最后这位父亲意识到我们应该做好自己,而不是一味地讨好每个人。
（1）考查时态语态。be supposed to固定短语，“应该……,”;又因主语是you,故填are supposed。
（2）考查定语从句。who在定语从句中作关系代词,引导后面的定语从句。分析该句,后面定语从句的主语为“a group of people”,应用who来引导,故填who。
（3）考查状语从句。 分析句子“…they kept going, they came upon two…”可知“…they kept going…”是整个句子的状语,由上下文可知此处是时间状语从句,又因keep是延续性动词,故as/when 都可以,故填 As/When。
（4）考查名词。此空为名词,此空前的two表示该空应是复数形式,故填 passers-by。
（5）考查形容词。“You are a…man!”分析句子,主语前缺少修饰成分,故填selfish。
（6）考查介词。after a while 固定短语，“过了一会儿”，故填After。
（7）考查非谓语动词。“Everyone started to laugh at them…'You are too heavy for that horse!'”主语everyone与say是主动关系,故填saying。
（8）考查非谓语动词。“The father and his son didn't know what…”分析句子,what作know的宾语,而此处需要动词不定式作后置定语修饰what,故填to do。
（9）考查时态。 “When they came to a bridge, the horse…to the water.”分析该句,该句时态为一般过去时,故应填动词的过去式,故填fell。
（10）考查代词。 “If you try to please…”与后文“…in the end, you will please no one.”相呼应，此空与no one形成对比,故填everyone。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，定语从句，状语从句，名词，形容词，介词，非谓语动词，时态以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。